Large, epidemiologic survey studies have established that migraine headaches affect approximately 6% of men and 18% of women in the United States and that the condition peaks during the prime working years (25 to 55 years of age). The consequent economic burden experienced by employers is substantial. The majority of this economic burden is realized by employers in terms of lost productivity, a...

China is a country with severe water shortages. Water is becoming scarcer due to population growth, industrialization and urbanization. Recent studies show that by the next 50 years water resources per capita will go down to around 1700 m 3, which is the threshold of severe water scarcity. Especially in North China, water shortage has become a critical constraint factor for socioeconomic develo...

The costs attributed to employee health problems are usually measured by employers in terms of direct health care costs, such as medical plan claims. Although it has been understood that employee health problems also produce indirect costs for employers, their measurement has been far less frequent. At best, studies have recorded one component of indirect health costs: the time lost to employee...

The rising costs associated with obtaining a dental education have caused some to question the financial benefit of pursuing a dental degree. There is a concern that recent graduates may have difficulty finding professional opportunities that provide the income necessary to service their accumulated educational debt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in educational costs to aid i...

Adam Graycar Director Since the mid-1980s economic evaluation has become an essential appraisal tool of health and related social services. In this context, the Criminology Research Council funded a study that investigated the economic costs and benefits of implementing in-prison sex-offender treatment programs (SOTP) for male child sex offenders. Cost–benefit analysis is always based on many a...

We conducted an economic appraisal of two strategies for Aedes aegypti control: a vertical versus a community-based approach. Costs were calculated for the period 2000-2002 in three pilot areas of Santiago de Cuba where a community intervention was implemented and compared with three control areas with routine vertical programme activities. Reduction in A. aegypti foci was chosen as the measure...

Based on traditional archival appraisal theories and existing appraisal/selection policies in libraries, archives, museums, social science and science data centers, this paper presents a generic appraisal/selection framework for digital curation and discusses how it can be implemented. The framework includes three selection methods: statistical sampling, risk analysis and appraisal. Details abo...

BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been studied in nationally representative populations, little is known about its prevalence specifically among working adults. Because corporations are often the primary payers of health-care costs in the United States, they have a vested interest in knowing the impact of metabolic syndrome in employed individuals. METHODS A total o...