background: multiple sclerosis is considered as an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is the main cause of disability in young adults around the world. the purpose of this study was to determine changes in antibodies in the prognosis of multiple sclerosis, and the use of antibody against aquaporin 4 for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. materials and methods: in this case ...

We show by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy that the water channel protein aquaporin-1, not previously identified within cardiomyocytes, localizes at 20 and 37°C to rat cardiomyocyte sarcolemmal caveolar membrane and subsarcolemmal cytoplasm of primary atrial myocyte cultures, dissociated atrial and ventricular myocytes, and in situ cardiomyocytes of atrial and ventricular frozen sections...

The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial changes in the expression of AQP4 and AQP9 in the optic nerve after it is crushed. The left optic nerves of rats were either crushed (crushed group) or sham operated (sham group), and they were excised before, and at 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days later. Four optic nerves were pooled for each time point in both groups. The expression ...

This paper investigates the mechanism of water transportation through aquaporin-4(AQP4) of ratbrain cells by means of molecular dynamics simulation with CHARMM software. The AQP4 wasembedded into a bilayer made of Dimystroilphosphatylcholine (DMPC). The results illustrate thatwater molecules move through AQP4's channel with change of orientation of oxygen of eachwater molecule.

The mammalian lung expresses water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in microvascular endothelia and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in airway epithelia. To test whether these water channels facilitate fluid movement between airspace, interstitial, and capillary compartments, we measured passive and active fluid transport in AQP1 and AQP4 knockout mice. Airspace-capillary osmotic water permeability (Pf) was measur...

NO plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure through its effects on renal, cardiovascular, and central nervous system function. It is generally thought to freely diffuse through cell membranes without need for a specific transporter. The water channel aquaporin-1 transports low molecular weight gases in addition to water and is expressed in cells that produce or are the targets of NO. Co...

To understand components shaping the neuronal environment we studied the astroglial cells in the zebrafish brain using immunocytochemistry for structural and junctional markers, electron microscopy including freeze fracturing, and probed for the water channel protein aquaporin-4. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) showed largely overlapping immunoreactivity: GF...

OBJECTIVE To analyse predictors for relapses and number of attacks under different immunotherapies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in neurology departments at 21 regional and university hospitals in Germany. Eligible participants were patients with aquaporin-4-antibody-positive or aquaporin-4-antibody-negat...