The aqueducts built by the ancient Romans are among most impressive evidence of their engineering skills. water inside was transported for kilometers, exploiting only slight but constant differences in altitude throughout route. To keep height constant, could proceed underground or aboveground on well-known arched structures that supported lead, ceramic stone pipes. In order to reconstruct char...

Fourth ventricular dilatation is usually seen along with tri-ventriculomegaly in patients with communicating hydrocephalus. Isolated fourth ventricular dilatation is uncommon, especially as a sequelae following infective or post hemorrhagic communicating hydrocephalus.1 Ventricular shunting often causes a collapse in the system, and postinflammatory scarring in the aqueduct causes adhesions bet...

OBJECTIVES To describe a new first-trimester sonographic landmark, posterior displacement of the midbrain and aqueduct of Sylvius, which may be useful in early screening for neural tube defects. METHODS This was a prospective study of 457 normal fetuses at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. We measured the distance from the posterior border of the aqueduct of Sylvius to the anterior border of...