with regard to the society’s need for complicated software and high level of expenses on its development, it is necessary to take all stakeholders’ requirements and the demands into consideration, before any investments and put on the design and utilization stages. software architecture is a technical description of a software system that indicates components and their relationships between the...

this research is going to explore methods of utilizing nature in architecture and use them to evaluate naturalism of the samples of iranian contemporary architecture, both qualitatively and quantitatively. the use of various aspects of the nature in iranian contemporary architecture is less than the past. so the main questions in this research are: “which methods of utilizing nature have influe...

In today’s competitive, dynamic, and changing business environment, being able to collaborate globally within and beyond the enterprise borders is critical. Inter-Organizational Collaborations (IOCs) have been proposed as a response to the characteristics of highly competitive global business environments. So far, a number of reference models, frameworks, and ad hoc architectures related to som...