Given an instruction regarding which effector to move and what location to move to, simply adding the effector and spatial signals together will not lead to movement selection. For this, a nonlinearity is required. Thresholds, for example, can be used to select a particular response and reject others. Here we consider another useful nonlinearity, a supralinear multiplicative interaction. To hel...

We study theoretically acoustic phonon modes in nanowire superlattices (NWSLs) composed of cubic materials. We classify the acoustic phonon modes in rectangular and square cross-section NWSLs, based on group theory. For NWSLs consisting of GaAs and AlAs, we calculate numerically the dispersion relations of each phonon mode and corresponding displacement fields. We examine the effects of both th...

Low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MF) generated by power lines represent a potential environmental health risk and are classified as possibly carcinogenic by the World Health Organization. Epidemiological studies indicate that LF-MF might propagate neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We conducted a comprehensive analysis to determine ...

The magnetic field response of the transport properties of novel materials and then the large magnetoresistance effects are of broad importance in both science and application. We report large transverse magnetoreistance (the magnetoresistant ratio ~ 1.3 × 10(5)% in 2 K and 9 T field, and 4.3 × 10(6)% in 0.4 K and 32 T field, without saturation) and field-induced metal-semiconductor-like transi...

In this work, we investigate the behavior of dilute and semidilute polymer solutions flowing in a microfluidic flow focusing device, in which an inlet stream is stretched by two balanced lateral streams. By varying the flow rates in the inlet and lateral channels and their ratio, several types of flow transitions are observed and the resulting velocity fields are analyzed both upstream and down...

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has gained wide-spread use for treating patients with prostate cancer, yet developing a plan for patients with bi-lateral metal hip prostheses implants may be challenging. The high atomic number of the metallic hips not only gives rise to streak artifacts that obscure anatomy but also attenuates laterally directed fields by a significant amount that ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to address the issue of unnecessary irradiation of the normal larynx. METHODS We performed a literature review and dosimetry evaluation of intensity modulated radiotheraphy (IMRT) techniques. RESULTS Data suggest that matching conventional parallel opposed photon fields through adenopathy is a reasonable alternative to the common practice of unnecessari...

Gain fields, the eye-position modulation of visual responses, are thought to provide a mechanism by which the motor system can accurately calculate target position in space despite a constantly moving eye. Current gain-field models assume that the modulation of visual responses by eye position is accurate at all times, even around the time of a saccade. Here, we show that for at least 150 ms af...

The interspike interval (ISI) preceding a retinal spike has a strong influence on whether retinal spikes will drive postsynaptic responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). This ISI-based filtering of retinal spikes could, in principle, be used as a mechanism for processing visual information en route from retina to cortex; however, this form of processing has not been previously explore...