As first remarked by Charles Darwin (1877), very young children frequently have difficulty when naming or choosing colors. To investigate the cause of this difficulty, we have tested preschoolers (mean age = 4.1) for hue discrimination and hue memory and compared their results with those of preadolescents (mean age = 9.6) and young adults (mean age = 25.8). The tests were designed to minimize t...

The variability of color-selective neurons in human visual cortex is considered more diverse than cone-opponent mechanisms. We addressed this issue by deriving histograms of hue-selective voxels measured using fMRI with a novel stimulation paradigm, where the stimulus hue changed continuously. Despite the large between-subject difference in hue-selective histograms, individual voxels exhibited ...

I am grateful to Egan and Tye for their thoughtful and challenging criticisms of The Red and the Real (henceforth RR), from which I have learned much. They raise a number of interesting issues, and I am thankful for the opportunity their criticism provides to reconsider some of the key commitments of the book and attempt to clarify my thinking about these matters. While reasons of space prevent...

I was born in 1927. That was the year Charles Lindbergh flew to Paris and Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs. These high points remain vivid in my memory. Later, however, I became aware of two other happenings that plunged hundreds of my human brothers and sisters into a terrible dark and dismal slough of despondance. In 1927, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle). In it he called for the cleansing of ...

The effects of depressed mothers' touching on their infants' behavior were investigated during the still-face situation. 48 depressed and nondepressed mothers and their 3-month-old infants were randomly assigned to control and experimental conditions. 4 successive 90-sec periods were implemented: (A) normal play, (B) still-face-no-touch, (C) still-face-with-touch, and (A) normal play. Depressed...

The classic moral stories have been used extensively to teach children about the consequences of lying and the virtue of honesty. Despite their widespread use, there is no evidence whether these stories actually promote honesty in children. This study compared the effectiveness of four classic moral stories in promoting honesty in 3- to 7-year-olds. Surprisingly, the stories of "Pinocchio" and ...

BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the association between blood pressure levels and prevalence of acquired color vision impairment in middle-aged Japanese men. METHODS Participants underwent color vision testing, ophthalmological examination, standardized interview, physical record examination, and venous blood examination. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were determined based on blood ...

Mathematical Morphology (MM) can be defined in terms of complete lattices. Thus, MM is useful for the processing of binary images or of single-valued intensity images – images for which a partial ordering, hence a lattice structure, is apparent. The lattice structure of an intensity image is manifest through set inclusion with ordering on intensity. It is always possible to define majorants and...