Arsenic is an environmental contaminant that induces congenital malformations, primarily neural tube defects, in laboratory animals, and it may contribute to human birth defects. The acute doses of arsenicals required to elicit teratogenesis in outbred strains of mice, however, are orders of magnitude higher than those to which humans are exposed environmentally. In order to examine interaction...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on epididy- mal sperm parameters in adult male Navel Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice ex- posed to sodium arsenite. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we divided the animals into four groups: control, sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg), curcumin (100 mg/kg) and curcumin+sodium arsenite. Exposures were perf...

The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to low concentrations of sodium arsenite on the cellular response to ionising radiation. Human lymphoblastoid GM1899a cells were cultured in the presence of sodium arsenite for up to six months. Following chemical exposure, acute challenge doses of X-rays were given and chromosome damage (dicentrics, acentric fragments, tr...

Human exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to contribute to many different health outcomes such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiopulmonary disease. Several epidemiological studies suggest that T cell function is also altered by drinking water arsenic exposure. However, it is unclear how individual responses differ to various levels of exposure to arsenic. Our laboratory has recently ide...

Complex mixtures of carcinogenic metalloids, such as arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons are common environmental contaminants. The biological consequences of exposure to these mixtures are unpredictable and, although the health effects of individual chemicals may be known, the toxicity of environmental mixtures is largely unexplored. Arsenic, not ...

We have used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool to identify the importance of mitochondrial processes involved in arsenic-induced carcinogenicity in humans. We screened 466 single-gene knockout strains of yeast S. cerevisiae known to be involved in biogenesis of mitochondria for sodium arsenite (AsIII) and sodium arsenate (AsV) sensitivity. We identified 72 arsenite-sensitive and 81 arsen...

The catalytically essential persulphide groups at the molybdenum centres of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase are essential to interaction with arsenite (Edmonson et al., 1972; Cleere et al., 1974) Inhibition of xanthine hydroxylation may result from arsenite forming a complex with the persulphides and vicinal thiol groups (Massey & Edmonson, 1970). The NADH-dichlorophenol-indophenol ...

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of root surface iron plaque on the uptake kinetics of arsenite and arsenate by excised roots of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. The results demonstrated that the presence of iron plaque enhanced arsenite and decreased arsenate uptake. Arsenite and arsenate uptake kinetics were adequately fitted by the Michaelis-Menten function in the absence of ...

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated to develop denitrifying bacteria that had a mean specific denitrification rate of 0.11 g NO3 -N/gVSS/day. Another system (an anaerobic digester) was operated to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) with the effluent concentration being measured to be 5655 ± 876 mg/L as acetic acid. Using the denitrifying biomass developed in the SBR and VFAs generat...

The effect of high concentrations of arsenic has been investigated in Caenibacter arsenoxydans, a beta-proteobacterium isolated from an arsenic contaminated environment and able to oxidize arsenite to arsenate. As the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, the use of a specific proteomic approach based on nano-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC...