INTRODUCTION Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated pluripotential cells capable of differentiating into many cell types, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, and may be a suitable autogenous cell source for articular cartilage repair. In vitro experiments show markers of chondrogenesis, such as aggrecan and collagen type II, are expressed in MSCs cul...

BACKGROUND Articular cartilage homoeostasis is critical for joint function. The steady state homoeostasis of articular cartilage is a balance between anabolic morphogens such as cartilage derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMPs) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) of the BMP family and catabolic cytokines such as interleukin (IL)1, IL17, and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Although bone and arti...

INTRODUCTION The spectrum of pathoanatomic lesions encountered in anterior shoulder dislocation is broad. There could be a presence of loose bodies, chondral and osteochondral, in the shoulder joint and also concomitant rotator cuff partial tears resulting from acute and chronic shoulder instability. CASE REPORT We present one case report of a 46-year-old male Chinese with an uncommon case of...

©2004 British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery doi:10.1302/0301-620X.86B8. 15609 $2.00 J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2004;86-B:1093-9. Each year, more than one million procedures to treat defects of articular cartilage are performed in the knee alone.1 While removal of loose bodies and the chondroplastic procedures of debridement and shaving account for approximately half of these, the rema...

OBJECTIVE To compare the functional results from high and low-grade isolated partial lesions of the supraspinatus tendon of bursal and articular types, after arthroscopic treatment. METHODS Sixty-four patients with isolated partial lesions of the supraspinatus tendon were evaluated. The mean length of follow-up was 76 months (range: 29-193). The mean age was 59 years (range: 36-82). The domin...

The pathology, assessment, and management of articular cartilage lesions of the hip and knee have been the subject of considerable attention in the recent orthopaedic literature. MRI has long been an important tool in the diagnosis and management of articular cartilage pathology, but detecting and interpreting early cartilaginous degeneration with this technology has been difficult. Biochemical...