There are three major approaches for regenerative medicine. The most innovative approach among them is: induction of target cells from various stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) or embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and implantation of them to regenerate the organ. The second approach is: in vitro tissue regeneration that involves preparation of artificial tissue by comb...

T cells play a central role in immune-homeostasis; specifically in the induction of antigen-specific adaptive immunity against pathogens and mutated self with immunological memory. The thymus is the unique organ where T cells are generated. In this review, first the complex structures and functions of various thymic microcompartments are briefly discussed to identify critical engineering target...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a form of artificial circulatory support, continues to evolve beyond its well-established neonatal applications. It is often the most aggressive aspect of treatment algorithms in the management of severe respiratory and cardiac failure. While its use is relatively infrequent and executed in a small number of centers, it remains an important supportive measur...

Attack behavior of inexperienced garter snakes to water extracts of normally eaten prey was investigated. Since eliminating vision and olfaction in newborn snakes did not alter response to chemical cues, Jacobson's organ is considered to be the receptor most involved. Slight variations in age and concentration did not affect potency of an extract, but, over a wider range of concentration, the r...

A method based on manipulation of the human cytomegalovirus genome in a bacterial artificial chromosome was developed to determine the role played by 6 UL97 mutations of unknown significance. These mutations were found in blood samples from solid-organ transplant recipients in a trial comparing valganciclovir and oral ganciclovir prophylaxis. Recombinant viruses containing UL97 mutations P405L,...

Mononucleated striated muscle of an anthomedusa can be isolated and cultivated in artificial sea water. When treated with bacterial coUagenase the isolated muscle can transdifferentiate autonomously into several cell types and regenerate the entire sexual and feeding organ of the medusa, the manubrium. Whereas transdifferentiation from striated to smooth muscle is direct, formation of a glandul...

Recent advances in the instrumentation technology of sensory substitution have presented new opportunities to develop systems for compensation of sensory loss. In sensory substitution (e.g. of sight or vestibular function), information from an artificial receptor is coupled to the brain via a human-machine interface. The brain is able to use this information in place of that usually transmitted...

1. The ratios between the rates of growth of the body and of the heart, kidneys, and liver are approximately uniform between 40 gm. body weight and the body weight at maturity in the albino rat. The male and female hearts grow at 0.75 times the rate of growth of the body, the male kidneys at 0.717 times, the female kidneys at 0.648 times, and the liver at 0.838 times the rate of growth of the b...