Measurements of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) are important predictors of transfusional iron burden and long-term outcome in patients with transfusiondependent anemias. The goal of this work was to develop a readily available, noninvasive method for clinical HIC measurement. The relaxation rates R2 (1/T2) and R2* (1/T2*) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have different advantages ...

PURPOSE To investigate optic nerve head size and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness according to refractive status and axial length. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 252 eyes of 252 healthy volunteers underwent ocular biometry measurement as well as optic nerve head and RNFL imaging by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Correlation and linear regression analyses were per...

R2* relaxometry of the brain is a quantitative magnetic resonance technique which is influenced by iron and myelin content across different brain regions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory, demyelinating disease affecting both white and grey matter regions of the CNS. Using R2*, increased iron deposition has been described in deep gray matter of MS patients. Iron accumulation mig...

Introduction: The ability to image tumour hypoxia and evaluate oxygenation changes in response to treatment using R2* is a powerful yet underexplored tool in breast cancer in humans [1]. This study evaluates the relationship between baseline histology and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility enhanced (DSC) MRI parameters with R2* in breast cancer. The role of R2* as an ima...

R2 is a non-long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposon that inserts specifically into 28S rDNA. R2 has been identified in many species of arthropods and three species of chordates. R2 may be even more widely distributed in animals, and its origin may be traceable to early animal evolution. In this study, we identified R2 elements in medaka fish, White Cloud Mountain minnow, Reeves' turtle, hagf...

Introduction It is well known that MRI may provide information on trabecular bone structure as well as trabecular bone density. Two major methods are quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI). QMR measures the relaxation times T2, T2* of bone marrow to assess the inhomogeneities in trabecular bone structure while HR-MRI directly look at the 2D...

Let M be a compact, orientable, irreducible, ∂-irreducible, anannular 3manifold with one component T of ∂M a torus. A slope r on T is a T isotopy class of essential, unoriented, simple closed curves on T , and the distance between two slopes r1 and r2, denoted by 4(r1, r2), is the minimal geometric intersection number among all the curves representing the slopes. For a slope r on T , we denote ...

In this work, we extend two extremal codes of length 64 which were obtained by the authors as bordered-double-circulant codes over R2. Using the extension, we have constructed seven new extremal binary codes of length 66 which were not previously known to exist.