Afatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that inhibit Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), and HER4. The common side effects of EGFR TKI are rash, acne, diarrhea, stomatitis, pruritus, nausea, and loss of appetite. Drug induced pneumonitis is the less common adverse effects of EGFR TKI. Afatinib, 2nd generation EGFR TKI is antici...

Interstitial pneumonitis in sarcoidosis is rare. When present, it confined to areas of active granuloma formation. We report finding widespread interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis in a patient with sarcoidosis. Due to the focal sampling of pulmonary tissue by transbronchial biopsy, a finding of interstitial pneumonitis does not exclude a diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

The typical radiographical findings of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis are bilateral interstitial infiltrates. In this study, the current authors describe two patients on corticosteroid treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, complicated by histologically confirmed cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, presenting as cavitary masses. This rare presentation of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis broadens the diff...

Following the discovery of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the inhalation of mollusc shell dust in two workers from a nacre-button factory, the health status of 26 workers employed in sawing mollusc shells was investigated. The evaluation included the administration of two questionnaires and radiological, functional and immunological assessments of all workers at the outset and 1 year la...

BACKGROUND Nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody used as an immune checkpoint inhibitor, is commonly employed for its anti-tumor effects against various types of malignant tumors. However, its administration is complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including pneumonitis. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case series of four patients with malignant ...

BACKGROUND This study determined the frequency of drug-related pneumonitis during mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor therapy in Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients and investigated the imaging characteristics and radiographic patterns of pneumonitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 patients (23 men, 17 women; 43-84 years old) with Waldenström macroglobulinemia treated in 2 ...

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also called extrinsic allergic alveolitis, a type of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), is an immunologically mediated pulmonary disease induced by inhalation of various antigens. As data on the frequency of hypersensitivity pneumonitis are lacking in Turkey, a retrospective analyses was performed in 43 patients with DPLD, followed up over seven years. The ob...

Chlorambucil is an alkylating agent commonly used in treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report a case of interstitial pneumonitis developing in an 83-year-old man 1.5 months after completing a six-month course of chlorambucil for CLL. The interstitial pneumonitis responded to therapy with prednisone. We performed a systematic review of literature and identified 13 other case re...

BACKGROUND Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been described with exposure to aerosolized Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in indoor hot tubs (hot tub lung). OBJECTIVES To describe a case of MAC-associated hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like reaction possibly from showering and review previous hot tub lung reports. METHODS For the case report, we investigated a patient with histologically diag...