This paper seeks to investigate the determinants of banking network profitability in Iran from 2007 to 2012. The results of our study indicate that both bank-specific factors and macroeconomic factors influence banks’ profitability in Iran. Results confirm that bank profitability is significantly influenced by investment to total assets ratio, non-performing loans to total assets ratio, a...

As organizations adopt increasingly sophisticated information systems, the challenge of protecting those systems becomes enormous. Accordingly, the single critical decision security managers have to make is the amount an organization is willing to spend on security measures to protect assets of the organization. To arrive at this decision, security mangers need to know explicitly about the asse...

In a recent paper Laitner & Stolyarov (2003) assert that measured Tobin’s q has usually been well above 1, and use this to back up their conclusion that there are significant quantities of unrecorded intangible assets. This key feature of q turns out however to be entirely due to errors and omissions in the authors’ calculations. The corrected q series turns out to be usually well below unity.

Secure transmission of messages has been a major goal since ages, for which cryptography is used. Cryptography is a mathematical techniques used for secure communication. Classical cryptography is traditional means that comprises mathematical functions to restrict eavesdropping problem in communication. Quantum cryptography is a new approach towards secure communication which uses phenomenon of...

As discussed in the literature [PrMü01; Rub04; Phi02] e-voting faces a lot of threats. The purpose of this paper is to give a systematically ordered overview of attacks against e-voting and to show one solution to the issues. The challenge is to provide identification and anonymity at the same time and to exclude the possibility of fraudulent manipulations by the server administration, the vote...

This paper presents the results from a literature study on the value of information. I have reviewed the information, accounting and business literature to find economic attributes of information and information valuation attempts. There is at least some consensus on a number economic properties and identifying information as an asset to the organization. Also a number of valuation attempts hav...

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The static trade-off and pecking order capital structure theories are analyzed and applied to nonprofit organizations. In addition, this paper also considers how nonprofits adjust their leverage over time. The analyses consider the unique role of donor-restricted endowments in the decision to borrow, as well as different types of borrowing by nonprofits. The results indicate that nonprofit capi...

We develop a model of portfolio choice that nests the views of Keynes—who advocates concentration in a few familiar assets—and Markowitz—who advocates diversification across assets. We rely on the concepts of ambiguity and ambiguity aversion to formalize the idea of an investor's "familiarity" toward assets. The model shows that when an investor is equally ambiguous about all assets, then the o...