Scholars have spilled much ink questioning patent quality. Complaints encompass concern about incoming applications, examination by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”), and the USPTO’s ultimate output. The literature and some empirical data also suggest, however, that applications, examination, and output may differ considerably based on technology. Most notably, although definitions...

PURPOSE To evaluate a system for computer-aided classification (CAC) of lesions assigned to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 at conventional mammographic interpretation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CAC system was used to analyze 106 cases of lesions (42 malignant) that at blinded retrospective interpretation were assigned to BI-RADS category 3 by at least two of four ...

Understanding community values can improve communication and ownership of decisions about the management of natural resources. However, the extent that values predict environmental behaviour is less certain. Most research has focused on held values, those values towards the environment in general. In contrast, assigned values relate to specific natural places, and we hypothesise that they may b...

In this paper, we present (to the best of our knowledge) first outranking method to assign a score each alternative. This is part Electre family, and will call it Electre-Score. contrast Multi-Attribute Value Theory methods, Electre-Score does not construct value function for criterion proceed then aggregation into single value. Instead, makes use relations make comparison with sets reference a...

Users’ acceptance, and subsequent adoption, of automated vehicles is likely affected by the understanding they develop vehicle based on its driving style properties. This paper explores how properties –as a type tangible attribute – are perceived users, affect users’ interpretations AVs. 18 participants experienced seemingly fully test track were interviewed regarding experience, both during af...

BACKGROUND Intestinal mast cells may cause gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diarrhea-dominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mesalazine on the number of lamina propria mast cells and clinical manifestations of patients with diarrhea-dominant IBS referred to Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences...