The design of stiffened, composite wing panels must satisfy a range of requirements related to performance, economy and safety. In particular, the design must be damage tolerant to satisfy a number of different performance requirements for various states of damage. To obtain an optimum configuration that satisfies these requirements simultaneously, optimization code PANOPT was extended with a m...

The 1157-nt Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase RNA, TLC1, in addition to providing a 16-nt template region for reverse transcription, has been proposed to act as a scaffold for protein subunits. Although accessory subunits of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex function even when their binding sites are relocated on the yeast telomerase RNA, the physical nature of the RNA scaffold h...

Scientists have been attracted by polymersomes as versatile drug delivery systems since the last two decades. Polymersomes have the potential to be versatile drug delivery systems because of their tunable membrane formulations, stabilities in vivo, various physicochemical properties, controlled release mechanisms, targeting abilities, and capacities to encapsulate a wide range of drugs and othe...

In a heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without asymmetrical septal hypertrophy the number of transmural myocytes, the mean size of myocytes, and the percentage area of interstitial space were similar in the ventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, whereas in a reported series of 14 hearts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetrical septal hypertrophy the number of tra...

With the increasing complexity of aircraft structures and materials there is an essential need to continually monitor the structure for damage. This also drives the requirement for optimizing the location of sensors for damage detection to ensure full damage detection coverage of the structure whilst minimizing the number of sensors required, hence reducing costs, weight and data processing. An...

In an unpredictable world where human intervention or unexpected environmental conditions can prevail, damage can occur to manmade structures. Whilst structural design allows for redundancy, or a structural capability beyond the general working load of the structure, it is necessary to be able to analyse and understand the residual capability of a damaged structure to ensure the safety of perso...

The dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or mutable collagenous tissue that shows large changes in stiffness. Extensive studies on the dermis revealed that it can adopt three different states having different mechanical properties that can be reversibly converted. These are the stiff, standard and soft states. The standard state is readily produced when a dermal piece is immerse...

This paper proposes a hybrid WAAM (wire arc additive manufacturing) and milling process (HWMP), and highlights its application in the fabrication of stiffened panels that have wide applications in aviation, aerospace, and automotive industries, etc. due to their light weight and strong load-bearing capability. In contrast to existing joining or machining methods, HWMP only deposits stiffeners l...

For the lightly-loaded structures (200 lbs/in. in compression and 400 lbs/in. in shear), the traditional skin-stiffened structure is more efficient than sandwich structure due to the minimum gage requirements imposed on the sandwich structure. A design for minimum weight and cost Tstiffened panel that was designed for a 120 lbs/in. compression load and 337 lbs./in. shear loading condition is pr...

European aircraft industry demands for reduced development and operating costs, by 20% and 50% in the short and long term, respectively. Contributions to this aim are provided by the completed project POSICOSS and the running follow-up project COCOMAT, both supported by the European Commission. As an important contribution to cost reduction a decrease in structural weight can be reached by expl...