it has often been stated or implied that grazing is an important factor in the land degradation process, a suggestion supported by various research projects, and this study investigated the effect of livestock grazing on stem height, crowncover, production, basal diameter, stem biomass, litter, leaf-stem index (leaf to stem weight) , root diameter and weight and seed production per individual o...

The nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) is involved in the generation of the optokinetic response. Previous studies showed that most nBOR neurons exhibit direction-selectivity in response to largefield motion. We investigated the responses of pigeon nBOR neurons to drifting sine wave gratings of varying spatial and temporal frequency (SF,TF). Two groups of neurons were revealed. The first gr...

to find the effect of atriplex canescens on soil chemical properties, two adjacent areas, each with and area of 1 ha, were selected in hossein abad hapeshloo shahryar. in one area it was planted atriplex canescens in 2003 while the later one without atriplex canescens was considered as control area. to sample soil, random- systematic method was used along 3 transects with a length of 100 m. in ...