We humans tend to believe that the world has always existed in the form in which we know it. History is fine as an object of study, but we rarely make the effort to really situate ourselves in the past. If we ask most pulmonologists who have started or finished their training this century about the origins of inhaled treatment for obstructive lung disease, we might be surprised to find how litt...

*Corresponding author: Azam Asgari; PhD, Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medicine Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Herbal products have been widely used around the world since ancient times. Herbal products are complex of organic chemicals that may come from any naive or processed part of a plant, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds....

agrobacterium rhizogenes (pri), a causative agent of hairy root disease, effectively induces hairy root formation in a variety of plant species. in our study four bacterial strains ar15834, a4, 9435 and c318 and three explants types leaf, stems and roots, were examined. hairy roots were induced from roots, stems and leaf explants. the highest transformation efficiency of 77% was achieved by usi...

Ap Applicati tions ons in in Pl Plant t Scien Sciences ces Whole genome sequencing is more available and less expensive than ever before, yet most scientists continue to rely on targeted, comparative sequencing for phylogenetics and phylo-geography. Identifying the most appropriate markers to employ has been challenging. Information for model organisms abounds, and a few studies have specifi ca...

BACKGROUND One of the cardinal principles of homeopathy is the "law of similarities", according to which patients can be treated by administering substances which, when tested in healthy subjects, cause symptoms that are similar to those presented by the patients themselves. Over the last few years, there has been an increase in the number of pre-clinical (in vitro and animal) studies aimed at ...

An efficient protocol for enhancement of total alkaloids production from suspension cultures of A. belladonna L. was established. The effect of MS-medium supplemented with different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzyl adenine (BA) on growth parameters as well as total alkaloid production was investigated. In the same connection, the effect of biotic stress caused by vario...

An alkaloid is a type of plant-derived organic compound. Alkaloids are generally composed of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen. Some alkaloids are considered toxic, but others are often used medicinally. Alkaloids one might encount er in everyday life include caffeine, the drugs atropine and quinine, and the deadly nightshade plant. Alkaloids are relatively rare in plants. They have what's...

We humans tend to believe that the world has always existed in the form in which we know it. History is fine as an object of study, but we rarely make the effort to really situate ourselves in the past. If we ask most pulmonologists who have started or finished their training this century about the origins of inhaled treatment for obstructive lung disease, we might be surprised to find how litt...

The moist temperate Himalayas, as one of the major ecological zone of Pakistan, deserve specific attention to the conservation of environment and the sustainable development of natural resources. During the last hundred years, the area has been subjected to major structural changes leading to a decrease of about fifty per cent of the potential forest area. The decrease in forest cover, combined...

Plants are the important sources of drugs. Secondary metabolites are responsible for therapeutic propertiesin plants. Three compounds including (-)-hyoscyamine, its racemate atropine, and scopolamine (hyoscine) are the most famous tropane alkaloids in the Solanaceae familly. Nowadays, attempts to developthese alkaloids in biotechnological procedures which are principally based on the hairy root...