UNLABELLED Selective attention plays an important role in identifying transient objects in a complex visual scene. Attentional control ability varies with observers. However, it is unclear what neural mechanisms are responsible for individual differences in attentional control ability. The present study used the following attentional blink paradigm: when two targets are to be identified in rapi...

attentional demands and individuals’ cognitive failure are hypothesized to be determinant factors for workload assessment and job analysis, although previous researches have focused merely on one aspect of attentional demands. the objective of this study was to investigate the degree to which various attentional paradigms would be demanding to the participants with different levels of cognitive...

Biologically inspired cognitive architectures should faithfully model the high-level modules and processes of cognitive neuroscience. Also, they are expected to contribute to the BICA “challenge of creating a real-life computational equivalent of the human mind.” One important component of the mind is attention and attentional learning. In this paper, we describe conceptual and computational mo...

There is considerable controversy as to how the brain extracts numerosity information from a visual scene and as to how much attention is needed for this process. Traditionally, it has been assumed that visual enumeration is subserved by two functionally distinct mechanisms: the fast and accurate apprehension of 1 to about 4 items, a process termed “subitizing”, and the slow and error-prone enu...

There is a wealth of evidence demonstrating an attentional bias to threat-related information in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety disorders. However, there is an ongoing debate whether an enhanced identification of threatening information or rather difficulties to disengage from such signals of danger constitute this bias. The present study used a dual target rapid visual ...

A growing body of research indicates that gamblers develop an attentional bias for gambling-related stimuli. Compared to research on substance use, however, few studies have examined attentional biases in gamblers using eye-gaze tracking, which has many advantages over other measures of attention. In addition, previous studies of attentional biases in gamblers have not directly matched type of ...

This study was designed to examine selective processing of emotional information in depression. It focuses on possible attentional biases in depression, and whether such biases constitute a cognitive vulnerability factor to suffer from the disorder or, on the contrary, they reflect a feature associated exclusively with the clinical level of depression. 81 participants were included in the study...

Objective To compare the attentional bias of depressed patients and non-depressed control subjects and examine the effects of age using eye-tracking technology in a free-viewing set of tasks. Methods Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and non-depressed control subjects completed an eye-tracking task to assess attention of processing negative, positive and neutral facial expressions. ...

Familiarity of food stimuli is one factor that has been proposed to explain food preferences and food neophobia in children, with some research suggesting that food neophobia (and familiarity) is at first a predominant of the visual domain. Considering visual attentional biases are a key factor implicated in a majority of fear-related phobias/anxieties, the purpose of this research was to inves...

Heightened attentional bias to emotional information is one of the main characteristics of disorders related to emotion dysregulation such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Although reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, is known to effectively modulate subjective experience of emotions, it remains unknown whether reappraisal can alter attentional biases to emotional informatio...