In this paper we study the evolutionary potential of a reactive attraction mechanism in a population of agents that interact via cooperation games, as exemplified by the noisy iterated prisoner’s dilemma. Attraction makes an agent unconditionally cooperative toward an attractive opponent, hence introducing a parallel relation between agents, independent from the social interaction context itsel...

July 2005 | Volume 3 | Issue 7 | e259 | e244 Cell membranes are largely made of proteins, and membrane proteins account for about a third of all genes. Despite their importance, they are devilishly hard to isolate and stabilize, and therefore are hard to study. The problem lies in their structure: membrane proteins have at least one hydrophobic domain, composed of a stretch of waterrepelling am...

Socially isolated Macropodus opercularis showed a distinct approach response to water taken from the tank of a conspecific individual or a nonconspecific, Trichogaster trichopterus, but not to water from a tank without fish. It is proposed that these species produce chemical stimuli which are attractive to M. opercularis. Approach frequency and the total duration of approach during a 10-rain pe...

Four experiments examined the relation between behavioral expressions of dominance and the heterosexual attractiveness of males and females. Predictions concerning the relation between dominance and heterosexual attraction were derived from a consideration of sex role norms and from the comparative biological literature. All four experiments indicated an interaction between dominance and sex of...

The “similarity-attraction” effect stands as one of the most well-known findings in social psychology. However, some research contends that perceived but not actual similarity influences attraction. The current study is the first to examine the effects of actual and perceived similarity simultaneously during a face-to-face initial romantic encounter. Participants attending a speed-dating event ...

An analysis of group influence processes indicates that the functional relationship between attraction to a group and influence exerted by the group depends on the importance to the individual member of any freedom that is threatened by group pressure to conform. This proposition was tested by an experiment in which the effect of group conformity pressure on public and private opinions was meas...

Developing axons are guided to their appropriate targets by environmental cues through the activation of specific receptors and intracellular signaling pathways. Here we report that gradients of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide widely expressed in the developing nervous system, induce marked attraction of Xenopus growth cones in vitro. PACAP exerted its...

Tourist movement is a complex process, but it provides very useful information for park managers and tourist operators. This paper aims to establish a sound methodology for modelling the spatial and temporal movement of tourists, with the objectives of understanding, predicting, controlling and optimising the decisions made by them as they go about choosing the attractions they want to visit.. ...