The purpose of present paper was to examine the relationship between central bank independence and inflation rate in Iran over 1960-2008. First, central bank independence has been accomplished through three indices including legal and real CBI indices and turnover rate of central bank governor index. Then, Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for model stationary of variables has been done by applying ...

Generally, high oil prices slow economic growth, cause inflationary pressures and creates global imbalances. In addition, oil price volatility increase uncertainty and restrain the much-needed investment in the capital market. Thus, this paper applies the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Johansen Co-integration Tests in which the effect of oil price volatility, crude oil price and stock price is ana...

Çal??man?n amac?, 2008 Küresel Kriz ve Covid 19 pandemi dönemlerinde K?r?lgan Sekizli ülkelerinde g?da fiyat balonlar?n?n tarihlerini saptamakt?r. Bu amaçla yinelemeli sa? kuyruklu birim kök testleri (Sup-Augmented Dickey-Fuller; SADF Generalized Sup-Augmented GSADF) yoluyla 2007:01-2020:09 dönemi için FAO endeksi kullan?larak tarihleri tahmin edilmektedir. sonucunda Arjantin, Brezilya ?ili har...

This study investigated the impact of financial intermediation on economic performance using data from sixteen (16) universal banks in Ghana. investigation is carried out five popular indicators sector intermediation, which are deposit mobilisation, customer credit, operating cost, reserve requirement and interest rate spread. Gross Domestic Product Per Capital (GDPPC) was used as a measure gro...

This study examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Turkey. The research uses annual time series data from 1970 to 2017. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests were used test stationarity of series. In this Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is as an estimation technique. Furthermore, classical additive decomposition m...

Environmental pollution and climatic variations are due to CO 2 emissions considered an important global issue. The key aim of this study was investigate the dynamic association among emission, energy use, economic growth in China. Secondary data used ranging from 1971 2014, stationarity verified by applying Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds te...

Trade openness plays a vital role in boosting the production of manufacturing sector. Two opposing perspectives identify trade-growth nexus. One posits that trade will stifle industrial productivity while view believes can be enhanced by liberalization regime. This study investigates instantaneous and jointly dynamic effect along with macroeconomic variables (i.e., Malaysian exchange rate avera...

This paper shows that the spurious rejection problem illustrated by Leybourne et al. (1998) [Leybourne, S.J., Mills, T., Newbold, P., 1998. Spurious rejections by Dickey–Fuller tests in the presence of a break under the null. Journal of Econometrics 87, 191–203] is restricted to the DF type test, which is based on the conditional likelihood function discarding the first observation.  2000 Else...

Financial bubbles are described as the deviation of market values financial assets from their core values. They one main indicators for crises by negatively affecting markets due to constant overvaluation assets. Therefore, investigating presence and determining reasons great importance investors, regulators, portfolio managers in terms investment risk price stability. In study, foreign exchang...