A rich literature has noted political business cycles in democracies. We argue that an autocracy with strong bureaucratic institutions, the pressure of evaluation and promotion also generated tax-break policies. Furthermore, timing content have driven leaders to use tax breaks strategically build economic performance, producing distributional consequences. Combining panel data 1,510,153 firm-ye...

How has Russia been studied by political scientists, economists, and scholars in cognate fields who publish specialized area-specific top disciplinary journals? To systematically analyze the approaches employed Russian studies, I collected all publications (1,097 articles) on country from five area studies journals covering territories of former USSR, 10 science, economics January 2010 to 2022 ...

Since the 1980s, American-led financialization promoting capital and labour mobility has influenced Asia, but Japanese Chinese trajectories in of consumption (consumer credit development) have diverged, with 1995–2013 contraction Japan contrasting skyrocketing growth China since 2010. I argue divergence can be attributed to varying levels compatibility between American financial norms their soc...

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated adoption of technocratic near-real-time data-driven governance, in that new rules, measures, and prohibitions have been introduced revoked response to predictive statistical epidemiological models, graphs, charts, aesthetically powerful data visualizations. Pandemic governance enforced an extreme by numbers. The real come mirror structure dystopia...

Abstract What is the role of referendums in different regimes from authoritarian electoral democracies to democratic systems? In this article we use Direct Democracy Integrity Index analyse Turkish (2017) and Italian (2020) understand if they can be seen as contributing majoritarianism or consensus democracy, depending on rules such who call a referendum integrity itself considering misuse inst...

What prompted New York City teachers to form a union in the Progressive Era? The founding of journal American Teacher 1912 led creation Teachers’ League 1913 and then Teachers Union 1916, facilitating formation Federation (AFT). Despite historiographical claims that teacher drives needed focus on bread-and-butter issues succeed, ideals educational democracy opposition managerial autocracy motiv...

There are various accounts for the war in Ukraine; this essay is not contesting such but, taking classical understanding of between Sparta and Athens, elucidated by Thucydides, there seems to be a “hidden reason”. The latter declining political significance expanding importance Athens. brief analysis Thucydides used establish framework clear behavior nations their leaders when, despite an absen...