OBJECTIVE This study examines the degree to which the physical availability of alcohol as measured by outlet densities is related to self-reported individual drinking patterns, preferred drinking location, as well as both driving after drinking (DAD) and driving while intoxicated (DWI). METHOD Data from 7,826 drinkers were obtained from a general-population telephone survey of 1,353 zip code ...

In this paper we analyze the interval availability of a two-echelon, multi-item spare part inventory system. We consider a scenario inspired by a situation that we encountered at Thales Netherlands, a manufacturer of naval sensors and naval command and control systems. Modeling the complete system as a Markov chain we analyze the interval availability. We compute in closed and exact form the ex...

Availability analysis is based on the combination of First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Availability is defined as the maximum amount of potential work in relation to the surrounding environment. In the present paper, availability loss method was applied to evaluate a dual-evaporator vehicle air conditioning (A/C) system in order to identify a critical component that had led to the poor s...

Introduction The main purpose of this work is the static detection of orphan messages in actor based languages. An orphan is a message which may not be handled by its target in some execution paths. Two kinds of orphan messages may be encountered : safety ones and liveness ones. Safety orphans occur when all target behaviors on a given execution path do not know how to handle the message. Liven...

The Smith-Stark hierarchy, a version of the Animacy Hierarchy, offers a typology of the cross-linguistic availability of number. The hierarchy predicts that the availability of number is not arbitrary. For any language , if the expression of plural is available to a noun, it is available to any noun of a semantic category further to the left of the hierarchy. In this article we move one step fu...

Realizing highly available datacenter power infrastructure is an extremely expensive proposition with costs more than doubling as we move from three 9’s (Tier-1) to six 9’s (Tier-4) of availability. Existing approaches only consider the cost/availability trade-off for a restricted set of power infrastructure configurations, relying mainly on component redundancy. A number of additional knobs su...

The Federal Aviation Administration’s Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) provides high integrity GPS-based precision navigation service to users in the conterminous United States (CONUS). User integrity is ensured by bounding all possible GPS error sources, of which the ionospheric delay is the largest and most variable. In particular, during severe ionospheric storms, the WAAS Irregularity D...

Violence involving firearms poses a serious threat to public safety in urban areas. The present study examines how illegal firearm availability (IFA) is related to firearm violence at the neighborhood level. We analyzed 3 years (from 2005 to 2007) of recovered firearm and violent index crime data from Newark, New Jersey. Violent index crime is separated into three categories by level of firearm...