Throughout the history of electrocardiography there has always been keen interest in the concept of electrical axis and in the deviations from the normal axis. The mean electrical axis of the QRS has been the prime concern and is usually quoted as part of every ECG interpretation. The axis of the P wave is used only in rhythm analysis. The frontal plane electrical axis of the QRS indicates the ...

Time is an abstract concept that may be better understood when mapped onto space. For English speakers, typically a timeline is used that runs horizontally from left (past) to right (future) (Boroditsky, Fuhrman, & McCormick, 2011) and can be separated into regions, past and future. However, it is unclear from prior research how these regions along the timeline are differentiated. In addition, ...

The intention-superiority effect is the finding that response latencies are faster for items related to an uncompleted intention as compared with materials that have no associated intentionality. T. Goschke and J. Kuhl (1993) used recognition latency for simple action scripts to document this effect. We used a lexical-decision task to replicate that shorter latencies were associated with uncomp...

Vertebrates appear bilaterally symmetric but an internal left–right (L–R) axis is revealed by the placement of asymmetric organs about the midline. For example, the human heart is located to the left of the body cavity, whereas the liver is located to the right. Paired organs can also display L–R differences, as seen in human lungs, in which the right lung has three lobes and the left lung two....

We have shown that when sharply focusing a linearly polarized optical vortex with topological charge 2, in the near-axis region of focal plane, not only does reverse energy flow (the negative on-axis projection Poynting vector) occur, but also right-handed circular polariza-tion light. Moreover, due to spin-orbital angular momentum conversion, polarization vector and transverse rotate around ax...

OBJECTIVE Modified Limb Lead (MLL) ECG system may be used during rest or exercise ECG, or atrial activity enhancement. Because of modification in the limb electrode placement, changes are likely to happen in ECG wave amplitudes and frontal plane axis, which may alter the clinical limits of normality and ECG diagnostic criteria. The present study investigated the effects of the modified limb ele...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the right atrial (RA) and right ventricular (RV) size, and the speed of their normalization, in children after percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect with the Amplatzer septal occluder. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 42 children, aged 4.5 to 18.5 years. The following measurements (indexed to body surface area...

The mechanisms underlying vertebrate left-right (L-R) axis specification have attracted much interest among developmental biologists (for review, see Burdine and Schier 2000; Capdevila et al. 2000). Of particular interest from a conceptual standpoint is the question of how L-R positional information first originates within the context of a bilaterally symmetric embryo. To achieve the consistent...