To test whether azathioprine in effective in rheumatoid arthritis in doses smaller than those normally used the drug was tested at 2 dosage levels, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg/day (2.5 AZ and 1.25 AZ), against placebo under double-blind conditions over 24 weeks. Dropouts were 7 out of 15 in the 2.5 AZ group, 4 out of 14 in the 1.25 AZ group, and 2 out of 13 in the placebo group. Some significant improve...

1 Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health St. Joseph's, Phoenix, AZ, USA 3 Baylor University, Waco, TX, US 4 University of Arizona Cancer Center at Dignity Health St...

BIOSIGNATURE FOR EXOPLANETS. T. M. Fisher, S. I. Walker, H. Smith, M. Line, J. Lyons, and C. Ruiz 1 ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration, PO Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, [email protected], 2 ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration, PO Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, [email protected], ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration, PO Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, [email protected], A...

An ideal adhesive for anastomosis of severed peripheral nerves should tolerate strains imposed on rejoined nerves. We use blends of photocrosslinkable 4-azidobenzoic acid-modified chitosan (Az-C) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a new in-situ-forming bioadhesive for anastomosing and stabilizing the injured nerves. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy suggests that the polymer blends form a semi-in...

After fruit development is triggered by pollination, the abscission zone (AZ) in the fruit pedicel strengthens its adhesion to keep the fruit attached. We previously reported that xyloglucan and arabinan accumulation in the AZ accompanies the shedding of unpollinated flowers. After the fruit has developed and is fully ripened, shedding occurs easily in the AZ due to lignin accumulation. Regulat...

S. Rajaraman, J. J. Rodriguez, C. Graff, M. I. Altbach, T. Dragovich, C. B. Sirlin, R. L. Korn, and N. Raghunand Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, Radiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, Radiology, The University of California, San Diego, CA, Unite...

An Azotobacter vinelandii homolog to the Salmonella typhimurium mutS gene was discovered upstream of the fdxA gene. The product of this gene is much more similar to S. typhimurium MutS than either is to the HexA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. An A. vinelandii delta mutS mutant strain was shown to have a spontaneous mutation frequency 65-fold greater than that of the wild type.

Azotobacter vinelandii cells can be transformed at high frequencies with the broad-host-range plasmids pRK2501, RSF1010, and pGSS15, using a modification of the procedure developed by Page and von Tigerstrom (J. Bacteriol. 139:1058-1061, 1979) for chromosomal DNA-mediated transformation. The frequency of transformation per microgram of plasmid DNA per viable cell with pRK2501 and pGSS15 was abo...

Concerns regarding the depletion of the world's reserves of oil and global climate change have promoted an intensification of research and development toward the production of biofuels and other alternative sources of energy during the last years. There is currently much interest in developing the technology for third-generation biofuels from microalgal biomass mainly because of its potential f...

Genes that seem to be involved in the initial steps of infection of a legume by Rhizobium have been transferred, by transformation, to mutant strains of Azotobacter vinelandii that are unable to fix nitrogen. These genes code for a surface antigen that binds specifically to a protein from the host plant.