The following principles of appropriate antibiotic use for adults with acute rhinosinusitis apply to the diagnosis and treatment of acute maxillary and ethmoid rhinosinusitis in adults who are not immunocompromised. Most cases of acute rhinosinusitis diagnosed in ambulatory care are caused by uncomplicated viral upper respiratory tract infections. Bacterial and viral rhinosinusitis are difficul...

BACKGROUND Acute bacterial meningitis which is a pediatric emergency with high mortality and morbidity must be diagnosed and treat promptly. Often diagnosis of bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis is difficult after some days. Determination of some inflammatory mediators' example IL-6 and HS-CRP were useful in differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis. OBJECTIVES This stu...

BACKGROUND Bacterial pneumonias have been overcoming pneumocytosis in frequency. Controversy still remains about how to manage immunocompromised patients and those with lung diseases. Sputum analysis is a noninvasive and simple method, and when interpreted according to specific criteria it may help with diagnosis. We conducted a study to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the level of serum procalcitonin, blood leukocyte count (TLC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with bacterial and non bacterial meningitis and document their efficacy in differential diagnosis. Also described are procalcitonin levels variation during treatment. METHODS From March 2005 to February 2008, we evaluated 38 clinically suspected meningitis patients in...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis remains a challenge to the clinician because of its rapid lethal course lacking the consistency to particular clinical signs and symptoms. Moreover, in many clinical settings use of rampant and short course antibiotic therapy prior to lumbar puncture reduces the chance of isolation of bacteria in CSF culture making the diagnosis diff...

Diagnosing bacterial infection (BI) remains a challenge for the attending physician. An ex vivo infection model based on human fixed polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) gives an autofluorescence signal that differs significantly between stimulated and unstimulated cells. We took advantage of this property for use in an in vivo pneumonia mouse model and in patients hospitalized with bacterial p...

disseminated nocardiosis (dn), is an infrequent and severe infection due to nocardia species and defined as infection in two or more discontinuous organs.  most infections occur in the immunocompromised host or in persons with underlying disease.  dn occurs rarely in children.  in this report, we describe an 11-year-old immune-compromised child with nocardiosis involving the lung, skin, brain a...

secondary systemic vasculitis and nonbacterial endocarditis are rare events. we report a case presented with different manifestations of underlying malignancy such as systemic vasculitis, non bacterial endocarditis and dic (disseminated intravascular coagulopathy). efforts to find the source of malignancy was unsuccessful and due to patient's unwillingness for further evaluation, finally under ...

OBJECTIVE Conventional diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis contains some controversial points. To understand accurately the relationship between clinical stages and the microbiotas, the intravaginal microbial flora was analyzed by the clone library method. STUDY DESIGN Vaginal fluid samples from 31 patients were examined. Lactobacillary grade, Nugent score, culture-based method, and clone librar...