This paper discusses the fundamental characteristics of transient nucleate boiling process. It is shown that discovered were used for new technologies development, evaluation materials' thermal properties, and control quality hardened steel parts. The current proposes a simplified method recipe development based on combined with numerical calculations. There are several computer codes temperatu...

Deformation-induced martensitic transformation (DIMT) during tensile or compressive deformations of the bainitic steels with various carbon content (0.15 %C, 0.25 0.62 %C) was studied. The initial microstructure before deformation tests prepared by austempering at 400 °C to obtain structure consisting ferrite and retained austenite. volume fraction austenite larger in steel content. In all stee...

The different techniques available for the accurate measurement of lattice fringe spacings are discussed and their relative merit under different circumstances assessed. The relationship between the lattice fringe spacing and the lattice parameter is further examined for both uniform and chemically inhomogeneous material. The techniques described were also applied to an investigation of carbon ...

We have performed in-situ magnetization and high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements on two aluminum-based TRIP steels from room temperature down to 100 K in order to evaluate amount and stability of the retained austenite for different heat treatment conditions. We have found that the bainitic holding temperature affects the initial fraction of retained austenite at room temperature but does...

For the first time, influence of gas mixture on damage resistance a plasma nitrided DIN 18MnCrSiMo6-4 bainitic steel was investigated. Samples were at 500 °C with three different N2-H2 mixtures, containing 5, 24, and 76 vol.% N2. characterized concerning resulting roughness, microstructure, compound layer’s phase composition, residual stresses in diffusion zone, surface hardness. Tribological b...

Abstract This paper describes the development and characterisation of bainitic steel for rail applications based on carbide-free, low-alloy steel. The results show that after rolling subsequently cooling, designed carbide-free exhibits better mechanical performance than standard pearlitic is because its fine, microstructure, which consists ferrite retained austenite laths. Microstructural prope...

The residual compressive stresses and dimensional changes related to the lattice strains of retained austenite (RA) phase in a high-Si, medium-carbon steel (Fe-0.53C-1.67Si-0.72Mn-0.12Cr) are investigated for samples austenitized quenched isothermal bainitic transformation (Q&B) range 5 s 1 h at 350 °C. Also, directly water (DWQ) from austenitization temperature comparison with Q&B samples. Fie...

master moulds are used to cast copper anode moulds. these iron moulds are made of grey or nodular cast irons. according to desirable properties of ductile irons, it was expected that ductile cast iron moulds could have performed their nominal life. but in service, these moulds have not performed their nominal life and they have experienced premature failures due to warping and cracking. also gr...