BACKGROUND In 1996, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved switching nicotine gum and patch from prescription to over-the-counter (OTC) status. Some expressed concerns that broader availability and lack of physician control might increase persistent use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)-that is, use beyond the period specified by the FDA approved label. OBJECTIVE To estimate t...

This was a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study stratified by age and gender with the objective of determining the relationship between gum chewing history, salivary flow, and dental caries severity in adults. We enrolled 191 subjects aged 18-65 years who underwent assessments for gum chewing history, unstimulated salivary flow rate, salivary pH, and caries severity. Unstimulated s...

OBJECTIVES The present study examined the effect of chewing gum on sustained attention and associated changes in subjective alertness. METHODS In a within-participants design, 20 participants completed an extended version of the sustained attention response task (SART: Robertson et al., 1997), both with and without chewing gum. Self-rated measures of alertness, contentedness, and calmness wer...

Binders are agents employed to impart cohesiveness to the granules. This ensures the tablet remains intact after compression. The development of new excipients for potential use as binding agent in tablet formulations continues to be of interest. This is because different binding agents can be useful in achieving various tablet mechanical strength and drug release properties for different pharm...

We examine the impact of chewing gum on a Bakan-type vigilance task that requires the continual updating of short-term order memory. Forty participants completed a 30-min auditory Bakan-task either with, or without, the requirement to chew gum. Self-rated measures of mood were taken both pre- and post-task. As expected, the vigilance task produced a time-dependent performance decrement indexed ...

Steady shear flow properties of Acacia tortuosa gum aqueous dispersions at different concentrations (15–40% w/v) were studied at 20 C using a controlled shear rate Couette rheometer and Mooney–Ewart sensor systems. Flow curves showed shear thinning non-Newtonian behaviour with a tendency to a Newtonian plateau at high-shear rate. The results obtained fitted the Sisko model very well. The influe...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine, after setting several restorations, the influence of adjusted occlusal interference during gum chewing on blood flow in the prefrontal area as determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The physiological rate was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaire. We selected 16 patients who desired prosthetic restor...

Purpose: To develop sustained release matrix tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ) using karaya gum (K) alone or in combination with locust bean gum (LB) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H). Methods: Matrix tablets of DTZ were prepared at different ratios of drug:gum (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4) and of the gum blends (K, K/LB, K/H and K/LB/H) by direct compression. The matrix tablets were evaluated...

This paper reviews the effects of the addition of flaxseed gum on the physicochemical properties of whey protein-stabilized, oil-in-water emulsions at neutral and acidic pH as investigated by light scattering and rheology under dilute and concentrated conditions. At pH 7.0, measurements performed in the dilute system showed no changes in charge or size of the droplets however, in the concentrat...

Ten Bacteroides species found in the human colon were surveyed for their ability to ferment mucins and plant polysaccharides ("dietary fiber"). A number of strains fermented mucopolysaccharides (heparin, hyaluronate, and chondroitin sulfate) and ovomucoid. Only 3 of the 188 strains tested fermented beef submaxillary mucin, and none fermented porcine gastric mucin. Many of the Bacteroides strain...