in order to investigate the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthesis rate and some physiological characteristics in two barley cultivars, a pot experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design as a factorial experiment with three factors including water stress, nitrogen fertilizer and barley cultivars in three replications. irrigation treatments condu...

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a phloem limited virus that is persistently transmitted by aphids. Due to huge yield losses in agriculture, the virus is of high economic relevance. Since the control of the virus itself is not possible, tolerant barley genotypes are considered as the most effective approach to avoid yield losses. Although several genes and quantitative trait loci are known a...

Abstract Wheat stem sawfly, [Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)], females display complex behaviors for host selection and oviposition. Susceptible hollow wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars release a greater amount of attractive compound, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate receive number eggs compared to resistant solid cultivars. However, barley (Hordeum vulgare is becoming more common C. in Montan...

An immunological assay has been used to investigate the synthesis of (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) isoenzymes from isolated barley aleurone layers and scutella. Enzyme release from both tissues is enhanced by 1 micromolar gibberellic acid and 10 millimolar Ca(2+), although increases induced by gibberellic acid are observed only in the presence of Ca(2+). Isoenzyme I is synthesized ...

In this study, the impacts of six potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars with different tuber starch allocations (including one genetically modified [GM] line) on the bacterial communities in field soil were investigated across two growth seasons interspersed with 1 year of barley cultivation, using quantitative PCR, clone library, and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses. ...

Common root rot caused by Cochliobolus sativus is a serious disease of barley. A simple and reliable method for assessing this disease would enhance our capacity in identifying resistance sources and developing resistant barley cultivars. In searching for such a method, a conidial suspension of C. sativus was dropped onto sterilized elongated subcrown internodes and incubated in sandwich filter...

Samples of grain from 40 New Zealand wheat and barley crops harvested in 2000 were assayed for Fusarium infection. Grain from all crops was infected, and Fusarium incidence ranged from 3 to 52% of grains infected, with a mean of 14%. Incidence of Fusarium was higher in spring wheat than in autumn wheat or spring barley. The highest level of infection (52% grains infected) was found in Otane whe...

In human genetics a detailed knowledge of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is considered a prerequisite for effective population-based, high-resolution gene mapping and cloning. Similar opportunities exist for plants; however, differences in breeding system and population history need to be considered. Here we report a detailed study of localized LD in different populations of an inbreeding crop spe...

The inclusion of untreated rye or barley in poultry diets as a major ingredient causes growth depression. This is due to the high level of pentosans in rye (Antoniou and Marqurdt 1981) and the b-glucan content in barley (Gohl et al. 1977). It has been reported that some wheat cultivars grown in the eastern part of Australia show an unexpectedly low apparent metabolisable energy (AME) (~13 MJ/kg...

The changes in ATP and PPi contents in roots under NaCl stress, and the effect of PPi on tonoplast H(+)-ATPase activity were studied with two barley cultivars differing in salt tolerance. The results showed that tonoplast H(+)-ATPase activity in salt-tolerant barley cultivar "Tanyin 2" roots increased obviously under NaCl 200 mmol/L (containing half-strength Hoagland solution) for 2 d, and decr...