The one-step dehydration, decarboxylation and hydrogenation of the bio-based and widely available citric acid is presented. This reaction sequence yields methylsuccinic acid with yields of up to 89%. Optimal balances between the reaction rates of the different steps were found by varying the hydrogenation catalyst and the reaction parameters (H2 pressure, pH, temperature, time and catalyst-to-s...

We develop a probabilistic theory for conversion of A→ B processes for a model Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP)-like experiments based on the general theory of Brownian motion with killing and the Feynman-Kac formula. Initial experimental testing for systems with a single catalyst particle is given, as well as numerical experiments for two-particle catalyst systems in simple geometric config...

The one-step dehydration, decarboxylation and hydrogenation of the bio-based and widely available citric acid is presented. This reaction sequence yields methylsuccinic acid with yields of up to 89%. Optimal balances between the reaction rates of the different steps were found by varying the hydrogenation catalyst and the reaction parameters (H2 pressure, pH, temperature, time and catalyst-to-s...

A process was developed to synthesize ruthenium-based chelate RuNx electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, using RuCl3 and propylene diammine as the Ru and N precursors, respectively. High-temperature pyrolysis has a critical role in the formation of the catalytic Ru–N sites for oxygen reduction. The RuNx catalyst modified in the presence of nitrogen-containing organic exhibited com...

Monitoring automotive exhaust gas aftertreatment components is required by law as part of the on-board diagnostics (OBD). For this purpose, a novel sensor device that determines directly the catalyst conversion could be used. It consists of a single, self-heated yttria stabilized ZrO2-based disc, separating two gas atmospheres. Two identical mixed-potential electrodes yield a voltage signal by ...

In-situ synthesis of a zeolite with encapsulated Pt was conducted to prepare a sulfur-resistant noble metal catalyst based on concepts of shape selectivity and hydrogen spillover. The prepared zeolite was of the sodalite type, in which the pore openings allow H2 to enter the pores but not H2S. Chemisorption with H2/CO was conducted to verify the most of Pt atoms distribution in the cage of Pt/S...

In recent year, biocompatible, biodegradable materials (linear polylactic acid-based urethanes) in the solid and/or liquid form have attracted tremendous attention in biomedical application particularly in stent coating. Low molecular weight poly (lactic acid) s (PLA), having narrow molecular weight distribution was by dehydropolycondensation method using tetraphenyltin as a catalyst. Hydroxyl ...

A novel HAuCl4@UiO-66-NH2 material has been obtained and utilized as a heterogeneous Au(III) catalyst. This Au(III) catalyst was able to promote the formation of a variety of dihydrochalcones starting from 2H-chromenes in moderate to good yields. A tandem hydride shift/hydration reaction sequence has been proposed based on deuterium labeling studies, which revealed a 1,5-hydride shift reaction ...

A facile "scratching" method to pattern a catalyst with commonly used metal objects, such as blade, pen cover, tweezers, watchband, knife, key, clamp, and coin, was developed. The single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks and well-aligned SWCNT arrays successfully grew by chemical vapor deposition on the scratched catalyst patterns on Si/SiO(x) and quartz, respectively. This method provide...

An efficient, general palladium catalyst for C–O bond-forming reactions of secondary and primary alcohols with a range of aryl halides has been developed. Use of a catalyst based on a single bulky biarylphosphine ligand L4 (RockPhos, soon to be commercially available) has expanded this chemistry to allow the transformation of a variety of heteroaryl halides, and for the first time, allows for t...