BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare displacements and stress after en masse retraction of mandibular dentition with lingual and labial orthodontics using three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (FEM). METHODS A 3D FEM of each lower tooth was constructed and located as appropriate to Roth's prescription. The 0.018-in. GAC Roth Ovation labial and Ormco 7th Generation lingual br...

We have isolated nine gain-of-function (gf) alleles of the sex-determination gene fem-3 as suppressors of feminizing mutations in fem-1 and fem-2. The wild-type fem-3 gene is needed for spermatogenesis in XX self-fertilizing hermaphrodites and for male development in both soma and germ line of XO animals. Loss-of-function alleles of fem-3 transform XX and XO animals into females (spermless herm...

The Caenorhabditis elegans F-box protein SEL-10 and its human homolog have been proposed to regulate LIN-12 Notch signaling by targeting for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation LIN-12 Notch proteins and SEL-12 PS1 presenilins, the latter of which have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. We found that sel-10 is the same gene as egl-41, which previously had been defined by gain-of-func...

A two-dimensional CFD model of a planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been developed.This model can predict the performance of SOFC at various operating and design conditions.The effect of Knudsen diffusion is accounted in the porous electrode (backing) and reaction zonelayers. The mathematical model solves conservation of electrons and ions and conservation ofspecies. The model is formulate...

In this work, development and evaluation of a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) based on the diffusion approximation of time-domain (TD) near-infrared fluorescence light transport in biological tissue is presented. This model allows both excitation and fluorescence temporal point-spread function (TPSF) data to be generated for heterogeneous scattering and absorbing media of arbi...

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to give my most sincere thanks to my advisor Professor Punam K. and Ryan Amelon for their help on my research. In the end, I want to thank all the faculty, staff and students of The Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Electrical and Computer Engineering for their improving lectures and kind help. iii ABSTRACT The finite element method (FEM) has b...