Acute basilar artery occlusion is a neurological emergency. Unlike anterior circulation stroke presenting with hemiparesis, the symptoms of basilar artery occlusion are challenging to recognise in the emergency setting. Basilar artery occlusion can rarely lead to ischaemia of the auditory pathways, resulting in bizarre, positive auditory hallucinations. Here, we report two cases of basilar arte...

objectives: there are some comorbidity between migraine, tension headaches, and some psychological  factors including early maladaptive schemas (emss). this research aimed to identify the emss  associated with migraine and tension headaches.  methods:  the present study was of cross sectional and correlational studies. the measures included  headache disability inventory and young early maladap...

Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide provokes migraine attacks in 65% of patients with migraine without aura. Whether aggregation of migraine in first-degree relatives (family load) or a high number of risk-conferring single nucleotide polymorphisms contributes to migraine susceptibility to calcitonin gene-related peptide infusion in migraine patients is unknown. We hypothesized that gene...

Three species of anuran amphibians (Odorrana tormota, Odorrana livida and Huia cavitympanum) have recently been found to detect ultrasounds. We employed immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy to examine several morphometrics of the inner ear of these ultrasonically sensitive species. We compared morphological data collected from the ultrasound-detecting species with data from Rana pipiens...

The miR-183 family consists of 3 related microRNAs (miR-183, miR-96, miR-182) that are required to complete maturation of primary sensory cells in the mammalian inner ear. Because the level of these microRNAs is not uniform across hair cell subtypes in the murine cochlea, the question arises as to whether hair cell phenotypes are influenced by microRNA expression levels. To address this, we use...

Behavioral detection thresholds were obtained from four starlings before, during, and after 11 days of subcutaneous injections of kanamycin. Birds were operantly conditioned to respond to pure-tones ranging in frequency from 0.25 kHz to 7 kHz using the method of constant stimuli and were tested daily for 141 days after the first injection of aminoglycoside. All four birds sustained hearing loss...

Susceptibility to migraine is determined by genetic factors and is therefore subject to the forces of natural selection. Migraine is a common and ancient disorder whose prevalence may be increasing, suggesting that a migraine-prone nervous system may be associated with reproductive or survival advantages. Five evolutionary explanations are reviewed that might account for the persistence of migr...

Transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) induced relaxations in porcine and bovine basilar arteries which were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and by L-nitro-arginine (LNAG). However, TNS induced contractions in equine basilar artery which were abolished by TTX and by guanethidine, but not by LNAG. These results suggest that the TNS-induced contractions of equine basilar arteries may be mediated by n...

Demonstration of dolichoectasia of the basilar artery by CT [1-5] and angiography [6-8] has been well described. We present a case of basilar artery dolichoectasia demonstrated by MR imaging. This has not been previously described in the literature. The important MR features of dolichoectasia of the basilar artery are flowing blood through the residual lumen and fresh blood clot surrounding the...