Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection claims approximately 2 million lives per year, and improved efficacy of the BCG vaccine remains a World Health Organization priority. Successful vaccination against M. tuberculosis requires the induction and maintenance of T cells. Targeting molecules that promote T-cell survival may therefore provide an alternative strategy to classic adjuvants. We show tha...

Macaques play a central role in the development of human tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. Immune and challenge responses differ across macaque and human subpopulations. We used novel immunostimulation/immunodynamic modeling methods in a proof-of-concept study to determine which macaque subpopulations best predicted immune responses in different human subpopulations. Data on gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-...

OBJECTIVE To identify the determinants of timely vaccination among young children in the North-West of Burkina Faso. METHODS This study included 1665 children between 12 and 23 months of age from the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System, born between September 2006 and December 2008. The effect of socio-demographic variables on timely adherence to the complete vaccination schedule...

The effect of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination on interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) or regulated-upon-activation, normally T-cell-expressed and -secreted chemokine (RANTES) mRNA expression in guinea pig spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin, or purified protein derivative (PPD) was studied in vitro. Similarly, perit...

It remains unclear whether Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is related to the development of childhood asthma. Meta-analyses on this topic have come to mixed conclusions. Between 1949 and 1974, a BCG vaccination program was conducted in Québec targeting neonates and school-age children. To investigate the effect of BCG vaccination on asthma, we assembled a retrospective cohort of subj...

Tuberculosis is responsible for >2 million deaths a year, and the number of new cases is rising worldwide. DNA vaccination combined with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) represents a potential strategy for prevention of this disease. Here, we used a heterologous prime-boost immunization approach using a combination of DNA plasmids and BCG in order to improve the efficacy of va...

background: bcg vaccination which is administered to prevent tuberculosis is sometimes associated with serious complications. this study aimed to determine the incidence of complications of bcg vaccination in babol. methods: all infants who received bcg vaccination between 2011-2013 in health centers of babol entered the study. data regarding complications of vaccine were extracted according to...

Epidemiological studies have suggested that the recent increase in the incidence and severity of immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated allergic disorders is inversely correlated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination; however, the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we demonstrate that natural killer T (NKT) cells in mice and humans play a crucial role in the BCG-...

1 Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit. Tuberculosis in children: a national survey of notifications in England and Wales. Arch Dis Child 1988;63:266-76. 2 Research Committee of the British Thoracic Association. Effectiveness of BCG vaccination in Great Britain in 1978. Br3' Dis Chest 1980;74:215-27. 3 Sutherland I, Springett VH. Effectiveness of BCG vaccination in Engl...