Triggered by reactivation of the strike-slip North Anatolian Fault, the disastrous Mw 7.4 Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake also produced normal faulting in the pull-apart basin of Gölcük. Surface scarps from such faulting reached almost 2.5m in height. Several structures were crossed by the surface rupture. As expected, many of them either collapsed or were severely damaged. But, surprisingly, sever...

Motivated by the observed (successful and unsuccessful) performance of numerous structures on top of, or immediately next to a normal fault that ruptured during the Kocaeli 1999 earthquake, this paper: (i) develops a two-step finite element methodology to study the propagation of a fault rupture through soil and its interplay with the foundation–structure system, denoted hereafter “Fault Ruptur...

Buckling analysis of a functionally graded (FG) nanobeam resting on two-parameter elastic foundation is presented based on third-order shear deformation beam theory (TOSDBT). The in-plane displacement of TOSDBT has parabolic variation through the beam thickness. Also, TOSDBT accounts for shear deformation effect and verifies stress-free boundary conditions on upper and lower faces of FG nanobea...

• A simplified model is developed for tunnel-soil-building interaction problems. The soil response represented by a nonlinear Winkler model. soil-foundation provides good match with 3D finite element analysis. Frictional sliding at the interface significant mechanism. Shallow tunnel construction inevitably causes local ground movements to occur. In an urban environment, these may cause damage e...