Conventionally, the critical potential represents the potential marking the onset of bulk dealloying. The current density below the critical potential is only weakly dependent on potential, and the physical processes responsible for this passive-like behavior are poorly understood. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy was used to study the natjge of the surface morphology which develops at pot...

NMR experiments at very low temperatures have been carried out for a long time, generally not as a general purpose method for analyzing structure and dynamics but rather as a convenient diagnostic tool in the study of substances whose special properties at very low temperatures are of interest. These include most prominently solid hydrogen and solid and liquid helium-3. It must always have been...

A minimum depth is assigned to a ring homomorphism and a bimodule over its codomain. When the homomorphism is an inclusion and the bimodule is the codomain, the recent notion of depth of a subring in a paper by Boltje-Danz-Külshammer is recovered . Subring depth below an ideal gives a lower bound for BDK’s subring depth of a group algebra pair or a semisimple complex algebra pair.

Belowground carbon expenditure has been difficult to measure, and even more so to predict. Root growth is influenced by both direct effects on plant metabolism and indirect effects of soil drying and interactions with soil organisms. In Concord grape, crop load may compete with root growth when soil moisture is not limiting. Root lifespan also is difficult to predict but some success can be ach...

The motivation for the development of splicing theory is recalled. Attention is restricted to finite splicing systems, which are those having only finitely many rules and finitely many initial strings. Languages generated by such systems are necessarily regular, but not all regular languages can be so generated. The splicing systems that arose originally, as models of enzymatic actions, have tw...