BACKGROUND Microeconomic evaluations of public health programmes such as immunisation typically only consider direct health benefits and medical cost savings. Broader economic benefits around childhood development, household behaviour, and macro-economic indicators are increasingly important, but the evidence linking immunization to such benefits is unclear. METHODS A conceptual framework of ...

Economic evaluation has been defined as ‘ensuring the value of what is gained from an activity outweighs the value of what is sacrificed’ (Williams, 1983). There is a considerable literature on how to use economic evaluation methods to inform health care decision makers (e.g., Gold et al., 1996, Drummond et al., 2005). The adoption of economic evaluation guidelines by decision-making bodies in ...

BACKGROUND Nearly 40 years of research provides an extensive body of evidence about human health, well-being, and improved function benefits associated with experiences of nearby nature in cities. OBJECTIVES We demonstrate the numerous opportunities for future research efforts that link metro nature, human health and well-being outcomes, and economic values. METHODS We reviewed the literatu...

Farming is an important and key factor for the economy of developing countries. Since last several years, farmers once again welcomed many traditional farming systems to get crop yield for completion of food requirement. Although, traditional techniques are not much sufficient in new agriculture world because farming is getting new challenges from biotic and abiotic factors. New techniques and ...