BACKGROUND To reduce injection pain and improve satisfaction, a thinner (29-gauge [29G]), sharper (5-bevel) needle than the 27G/3-bevel needle used previously to inject interferon (IFN) beta-1a, 44 or 22 mcg subcutaneously (sc) three times weekly (tiw), was developed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Two clinical trials in healthy volunteers and five surveys of patients with MS were...

It is a common practice for medical practitioners to use subcutaneous infiltration of lidocaine to alleviate the pain of intravenous cannulation or line insertion. Although previous studies have assessed several factors affecting the pain associated with local anesthetic infiltration, there is a paucity of data on the effects of needle bevel position. In this prospective, randomized, controlled...

Magnetic gear mechanisms have advanced to a promising future in transmission technology. Previous research indicates that magnetic might replace mechanical some applications. Small-scale wind turbines (SWT) with counter-rotating rotors were initially fitted by bevel gears are proposed be replaced coaxial train (CMGT). The CMGT is intended for use as speed multiplier order obtain maximum power a...

The coupled dynamic model of the intermediate and tail gearboxes’ spiral bevel gear-oblique shaft-laminated membrane coupling was established by employing hybrid modeling method finite element lumped mass. Among them, equation shaft constructed Timoshenko beam; gears were derived theoretically lumped-mass method, where effects time-varying meshing stiffness, transmission error, external imbalan...

BACKGROUND Infrequent but serious complications of transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) occur due to inadvertent intravascular injections. A few studies reported that the different needle types can influence on the occurrences of intravascular incidence in TFESI. This study prospectively evaluated whether short-bevel needle can reduce the incidences of intravascular injection of TF...

This paper introduces a novel approach to deal with the multi-objective optimization of two-stage bevel helical gearbox by applying Taguchi method and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA). The goal study is find optimal main design factors that minimize volume maximize efficiency. To accomplish this, five parameters were selected: coefficients wheel face width (CWFW) gear sets, allowable contact stress...