The incidence of animal bites in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been increasing in recent years. In a descriptive study of 1542 patients referred to a health centre in Rafsanjan city from 2003 to 2005, the incidence of animal bites in the area was estimated as 180, 195 and 241 per 100 000 in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. Of the patients, 74% were bitten by dogs, 23% by cats and 3% by othe...

Human rabies has traditionally been considered a uniformly fatal disease. However, recent decades have seen several instances in which individuals have developed clinical signs of rabies, but survived, usually with permanent neurologic sequelae. Most of these patients had received prophylactic rabies vaccine before the onset of illness. The best outcomes have been seen in patients infected with...

Five groups of ten animals were vaccinated with a combined vaccine containing foot and mouth disease (FMD), rabies, Pasteurella multocida and Clostridium chauvoei antigens and individual component vaccines containing FMD, rabies, Pasteurella multocida and Clostridium chauvoei antigens, respectively. Serological response of the calves was assayed on days 21 and 90 post vaccination. There was no ...

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends reducing the number of doses from 5 to 4 of human diploid cell vaccine or purified chick embryo cell vaccine required for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent rabies in humans. The vaccine doses should be given on day 0 (first day of prophylaxis) and days 3, 7, and 14 after the first dos...

Following rabies virus (RABV) exposure, a combination of thorough wound washing, multiple-dose vaccine administration and the local infiltration of rabies immune globulin (RIG) are essential components of modern post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Although modern cell-culture-based rabies vaccines are increasingly used in many countries, RIG is much less available. The prohibitive cost of polyclon...

Rabies in man and animals continues to be a serious problem for public health and the livestock economy in most countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (I). Between 1980 and 1985 this area had a total of 1,744 registered rabies cases in humans, 83,858 in dogs, 6,876 in cats, and 28,800 in cattlealthough a considerable share of the bovine cases are usually not reported (2). According to dat...

In humans, the kinetics of the appearance of memory B cells and plasma cells during primary immunization are not well defined. In this study, we assessed the primary B-cell response of rabies-antigen naive volunteers during a 3-dose course of rabies vaccine compared with the B-cell response to a booster dose of rabies vaccine given to previously immunized volunteers. After a single dose of vacc...

Different approaches have been applied to develop highly attenuated rabies virus vaccines for oral vaccination of mesocarnivores. One prototype vaccine construct is SAD dIND1, which contains a deletion in the P-gene severely limiting the inhibition of type-1 interferon induction. Immunogenicity studies in foxes and skunks were undertaken to investigate whether this highly attenuated vaccine wou...

J. Arya , Y-W. Chen , K. Dewitt , Y-W. Chiang , M. R. Prausnitz 1 1 Georgia Institute of Technology, 2 Merial Ltd. Purpose To stabilize rabies DNA vaccine in a dissolving microneedle patch and evaluate immunogenicity and dose sparing in dogs. Rabies is mainly a disease of animals, whereas humans get rabies primarily when they are bitten by dogs. Vaccinating domestic dogs and other animals has r...

Introduction: Many countries endemic for the rabies virus are popular tourist destinations for travelers from developed countries. This study was designed to assess the level of awareness of rabies in a sample of travelers attending a travel medicine clinic and to assess whether the rabies-specific information provided verbally should be reinforced into a written form before th...