Diacritical marks play a crucial role in meeting the criteria of usability of typographic text, such as: homogeneity, clarity and legibility. To change the diacritic of a letter in a word could completely change its semantic. The situation is very complicated with multilingual text. Indeed, the problem of design becomes more difficult by the presence of diacritics that come from various scripts...

This paper describes an extension to ditroff/ffortid, a system for formatting bi-directional text in Arabic, Hebrew and Persian. The previous version of the system is able to format mixed left-to-right and rightto-left text using fonts with separated letters or with connecting letters and only connection stretching, achieved by repeating fixed-length baseline fillers. The latest extension adds ...

In recent years, Model-Driven Engineering has taken a leading role in advancing a new paradigm shift in software development. Leveraging models to a first-class status is at the core of this methodology. Shifting the focus of software development from coding to modeling permits programs to transform models in order to generate other models which are amenable for a wide range of purposes, includ...

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a peristaltic micropump. The micropump is composed of two layers fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material. The first layer has a rectangular channel and two valve seals. Three rectangular mini lightweight piezo-composite actuators are integrated in the second layer, and used as actuation parts. Two lay...

The design of robust new interfaces that process conversational speech is a challenging research direction largely because users’ spoken language is so variable, which is especially true of children. The present research explored whether children’s response latencies before initiating a conversational turn converge with those heard in the text-to-speech (TTS) of a computer partner. A study was ...

This paper argues that a purely probabilistic version of bidirectional Optimality-Theoretic syntax and semantics (Blutner 2000, Zeevat 2000) can make some significant contributions to the computational processing of natural language. The ideas outlined in this paper apply to interpretation as well as generation, but particular attention will be given to the question how bidirectionality can be ...

We have designed and implemented a desktop sharing system based on P2P (peer-to-peer) techniques, named “comDesk”, which enables users to exchange the desktop images as well as to control remote hosts. Using the P2P mechanisms, the users can start communication without pre-located servers. Also the equality of peers is well appropriate to make image transfers and operations bi-directional. comD...

21 was not explored in this paper. The major advantages of deeection routing are implementation simplicity, robustness against failures, less restrictions on topology (bidirectionality not required), and ability to implement more sophisticated ow control schemes based upon observed link load. 11] C. Ongaro. Ottimizzazione dell'instradamento a deeessione per reti M-MAN in modalita' unslotted.

We investigate reliable multicast communication over satellite networks. We compare a scenario where receivers can use a feedback channel to signal loss to a scenario where no feedback channel is available. We show that the introduction of a feedback channel is the key to allow for bandwidth-e cient, robust, and fully reliable multicast communication via satellite.

We describe an explicit simulation of 2-way nondeterministic automata by 1-way alternating automata with quadratic blow-up. We first describe the construction for automata on finite words, and extend it to automata on infinite words.