This paper proposes a bi-level linear programming problem with linear constraints, in which the linear objective functions are to be maximized with different rough goals, the suggested approach in this paper is mainly based on the iterative goal programming method of Dauer and Krueger to develop the optimal solution of the bi-level decisionmaker, then we uses the concepts of tolerance membershi...

Disorders caused by deliberate sabotage and terrorist attacks have always been considered as a major threat by the governments. Hence, identifying and planning for strengthening of critical facilities have become a priority for more security and safety. This paper presents a bi-level formulation of the rinterdiction median problemwith fortification for critical hierarchical facilities. In the d...

Nowadays, the necessity of manufacturers’ response to their customers’ needs and their fields of activities have extended widely. The cellular manufacturing systems have adopted reduced costs from mass-production systems and high flexibility from job-shop manufacturing systems, and therefore, they are very popular in modern manufacturing environments. Manufacturing systems, in addit...

A bi-level model for traffic signal optimization is developed. The predictive framework applied control in an urban network. potential of the formalization used to increase space influences with simultaneous evaluation green light and cycle durations. Thus, increased allows more parameters be considered, such as vehicles queues flows. particular modification synchronization lights approach real...

In this paper, the structural characteristic of urban multimodal transport system is fully analyzed and then a two-tier network structure is proposed to describe such a system, in which the firsttier network is used to depict the traveller’s mode choice behaviour and the second-tier network is used to depict the vehicle routing when a certain mode has been selected. Subsequently, the generalize...

in this study, a bi-objective model for integrated planning of production-distribution in a multi-level supply chain network with multiple product types and multi time periods is presented. the supply chain network including manufacturers, distribution centers, retailers and final customers is proposed. the proposed model minimizes the total supply chain costs and transforming time of products ...

In this paper we study the bilevel linear programming problem with multiple objective functions at the upper level, with particular focus on the bi-objective case. We examine some properties of this problem and propose a methodological approach based on the reformulation of the problem as a multiobjective mixed 0-1 linear programming problem. The basic idea consists in applying a reference poin...

In this letter, we propose a market-based bi-level conic optimal energy flow (OEF) model of integrated electricity and natural gas systems (IENGSs). Conic alternating current power (ACOPF) is formulated in the upper-level model, generation cost fired units (NGFGUs) calculated based on locational marginal prices (NG-LMPs). The market clearing process system modeled lower-level model. bilevel the...

This study concentrates on designing a medical waste management system with a hierarchical structure, including a local government and a waste management planner. The upper-level seeks to design and control the waste management facilities by minimizing the environmental risks related to the disposal of medical waste. While the lower-level model is to determine the waste collection plans by only...

Nowadays, coordination between members in a supply chain has become very important and beneficial to channel members. Through cooperative advertising, manufacturers and retailers can jointly participate in promotional programs. This action not only reduces the cost of advertising, but also is important to create a link with local retailers in order to increase immediate sales at the retail leve...