The reflected radiation by observed surface is highly dependent on both sun illumination and satellite observation angles. These two angles are also described, respectively, as incident and reflected angles. The geometry-dependence of surface reflectance is usually corrected by a tailored Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). It is the most common tool used to eliminate or to...

Atmospheric aerosol properties and land surface reflectance can be retrieved from dual-angle AATSR measurements. In this paper a map of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm covering the Sahel and Southern Sahara region is presented. The map is a composite of thirtytwo 500 km wide AATSR strip-lines acquired throughout March 2003. Verification is performed using the MODIS and MISR global aerosol produ...

ion Heuristics for Symbolic Bidirectional Search

Compared with plugged-in chargers, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for battery chargers have numerous advantages, e.g., safety, efficiency, and convenience. To satisfy the important charging requirements of efficiency safety battery, this paper proposes a constant current/voltage (CC/CV) compensation topology near-communication based on receiving-side hybrid switching, which is unaffected...

In 2003, Bhuma and Goldsmith introduced a bidirectional variant of Hansen and Zilberstein’s LAO* algorithm called BLAO* for solving goal-based MDPs. BLAO* consistently ran faster than LAO* on the race-track examples used in Hansen and Zilberstein’s paper. In this paper, we analyze the performance of BLAO* in comparison with both LAO* and our newly proposed algorithm, RLAO*, the reverse LAO* sea...

There are two different physical models connecting the micro-geometry of a surface and its physical reflectance properties (BRDF). The first, Cook-Torrance, assumes geometrical optics: light is reflected and masked by the micro-facets. In this model, the BRDF depends on the probability distribution of micro-facets normals. The second, Church-Takacs, assumes diffraction by the micro-geometry. In...

The need for deploying fast-charging stations electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming essential in recent years. This justified by the increasing charging demand and supported new technologies making EV chargers more efficient. In this paper, we provide a survey on models introduce data-driven approach with an optimization model fast-chargers both heavy trucks traveling through network of suburban ...

This paper presents the outcomes of a study summation supraharmonic (SH) currents from electric vehicle fast-charging stations (FCS), based on field measurement in an installation with four 350 kW FCSs. FCSs can contribute to SH emission, between 2 and 150 kHz, network their impact grid is quantified by components. Little known about SHs power hundreds kW, therefore this article aims understand...