Transporter proteins in biological membranes may be divided into channels and carriers. Channels function as selective pores that open in response to a chemical or electrophysiological stimulus, allowing movement of a solute down an electrochemical gradient. Active carrier proteins use an energy producing process to translocate a substrate against a concentration gradient. Secondary active tran...

Bacterial binding protein-dependent ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters facilitate uptake of essential nutrients. The crystal structure of Escherichia coli BtuF, the protein that binds vitamin B12 and delivers it to the periplasmic surface of the ABC transporter BtuCD, reveals a bi-lobed fold resembling that of the ferrichrome binding protein FhuD. B12 is bound in the "base-on" conformation...

Reports of multiple distinct mitoxantrone-resistant sublines without overexpression of P-glycoprotein or the multidrug-resistance associated protein have raised the possibility of the existence of another major transporter conferring drug resistance. In the present study, a cDNA library from mitoxantrone-resistant S1-M1-80 human colon carcinoma cells was screened by differential hybridization. ...

Conversion of prion protein (PrP(C)) into a pathological isoform (PrP(Sc)) during prion infection occurs in lipid rafts and is dependent on cholesterol. Here, we show that prion infection increases the abundance of cholesterol transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter type A1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter type A1), but reduces cholesterol efflux from neuronal cells leading to the accumu...

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (ABCB) 6 is a homodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter present in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular organelles. The intracellular localization of ABCB6 has been a matter of debate, as it has been suggested to reside in the mitochondria and the endo-lysosomal system. Using a variety of imaging modalities, including confocal microscopy and EM...

Lakeshore wetlands are important terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, and the lakeshore of Tibetan Plateau sensitive to climate change. Therefore, in context global warming, studying effects temperature rise on surface soil microbial communities is essential for wetland biodiversity conservation. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing examine changes structure their metabolic pathways Niaod...

Durable disease resistance genes such as the wheat gene Lr34 are valuable sources of for agricultural breeding programs. encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter protein involved in transport phytohormone abscisic acid. from is functionally transferable to barley, maize, rice and sorghum. A pleiotropic effect induces development a senescence-like phenotype, referred leaf tip necrosis. We use...

Hypercholesterolemia is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies reported that stimulation of transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE), a nonbiliary excretion, can be strategy preventing CVD. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) has been to reduce CVD via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic effects. However, little known about role black ...