When the human genome project was conceived, its leaders wanted all researchers to have equal access to the data and associated research tools. Their vision of equal access provides an unprecedented teaching opportunity. Teachers and students have free access to the same databases that researchers are using. Furthermore, the recent movement to deliver scientific publications freely has presente...

It has been found that the majority of disease-associated genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies are located outside of protein-coding regions, where they seem to affect regions that control transcription (promoters, enhancers) and non-coding RNAs that also can influence gene expression. In this review, we focus on two classes of non-coding RNAs that are currently a majo...

BACKGROUND Phylogenetic trees are complex data forms that need to be graphically displayed to be human-readable. Traditional techniques of plotting phylogenetic trees focus on rendering a single static image, but increases in the production of biological data and large-scale analyses demand scalable, browsable, and interactive trees. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We introduce TreeVector, a S...

As more of the human genome draft sequence is finished, and genomes from other organisms begin to be sequenced, the demand for accurate and reliable genome annotation will increase significantly. To facilitate this industrial-scale genome annotation, automated bioinformatics solutions are increasingly required. As a result, automatic genome annotation systems have become more important in gene ...

Melanie Füllbeck was born in Sprockhövel, Germany. She obtained her diploma in Biology from the Justus-Liebig-University in Giessen in 2003. At the University of Applied Sciences in Berlin she received her Master of Computer Sciences in Bioinformatics in 2004. She joined the Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-University Medicine Berlin in 2003 where she is currently preparing her PhD thesis, wh...

Sequence databases of today require frequent updating. Mirror procedures to copy incrementally updated databases as cumulative sets are the preferred method and can be implemented by straightforward scripting. However, limited bandwidth of networks and the increase of data require more powerful paradigms to reduce the workload reliably. We suggest the List Update Processing (LUP) principle. The...

Walter Gilbert, a renowned scientist, described this shift in biology as follows: "The new paradigm, now emerging, is that all of the “genes” will be known (in the sense of being resident in databases available electronically), and that the starting point of a biological investigation will be theoretical. An individual scientist will begin with a theoretical conjecture only then turning to expe...

Satellite ocean-color imagery and field spectroradiometer observations are used to assess the biooptical signatures of two mesoscale features, a cyclone C1 and an 181-water anticyclone A4, in the Sargasso Sea. Field determinations of upper layer bio-optical properties, such as the diffuse attenuation coefficient and remote-sensing reflectance spectra, show little statistically significant varia...

Bioinformatics is science of biological database management to deal with how to store, access, process genetics information DNA, RNA and Protein etc. Most of researches are depend on DNA, RNA and Protein structure. This paper suggests some new application of bioinformatics in Paleogenetics and Paleoanthropology.