A continuous in vitro method for the estimation of the bioavailability of minerals and trace elements is presented. This in vitro method is believed to be more representative of in vivo physiological conditions than in vitro methods based on equilibrium dialysis, because dialysable components are continuously removed from the pancreatic digestion mixture. The continuous in vitro method is compa...

Curcumin, the bioactive component of turmeric, Curcuma longa has an exceptionally wide spectrum of activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and is currently under different phases of clinical trials for various types of soft tissue cancers. However, although in vitro and animal studies have shown anticancer activities of curcumin for virtually all types of...

Carotenoids are thought to contribute to the beneficial effects of increased vegetable consumption. Various dietary factors have an effect on the bioavailability of carotenoids. The type of food matrix in which carotenoids are located is a major factor. The bioavailability of beta-carotene from vegetables in particular has been shown to be low (14% from mixed vegetables) compared with that of p...

BACKGROUND Millions of people worldwide consume arsenic-contaminated rice; however, little is known about the uptake and bioavailability of arsenic species after arsenic-contaminated rice ingestion. OBJECTIVES In this study, we assessed arsenic speciation in greenhouse-grown and supermarket-bought rice, and determined arsenic bioavailability in cooked rice using an in vivo swine model. RESU...

BACKGROUND A microemulsion is an effective formulation for improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In this paper, a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion was investigated as a system for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Biopharmaceutic Classification System (BCS) III drugs. METHODS The microemulsion formulation was optimized using a pseudoternary phase diagram, comprising ...

Although the flavonol quercetin is used as a supplement in commercial dog food, data on quercetin bioavailability in dogs are not available. Thus, we investigated quercetin bioavailability (measured as area under the concentration-time curve) in nine adult beagle dogs at an oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The major fraction (>80 %) of flavonols circulating in blood plasma were conjuga...

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a prodrug immunosuppressant with a high oral bioavailability. Enterohepatic cycling of a glucuronide derivative of MMF contributes substantially to the bioavailability, but is dependent on bacterial deglucuronidation by intestinal flora. This study aims to determine whether an antibiotic regimen with activity against such organisms reduces the bioavailability of M...

Silymarin, a flavonolignan derived from Silybum marianum, possesses diverse pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardioprotective. Although clinical trials have shown silymarin is safe at high doses (>1500 mg/day) in humans, the pharmacokinetic studies over the past three decades related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, ...

Bioavailability File: Metronidazole Summary Metronidazole is an antimicrobial nitroimidazole derivative, which was originally introduced to treat Trichomonas vaginalis but nowadays is used for the treatment of anaerobic and protozoal infections. Metronidazole is bactericidal through toxic metabolites, which cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strand breakage. It has a bioavailability of more than...

Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from the cannabis plant, has gained significant attention due to its potential therapeutic benefits. However, one of challenges associated with CBD administration is low bioavailability, which refers fraction an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation. This limitation necessitates exploration various approaches enhance bioavailability CBD, thus helping max...