Although fundamental problems relating to phage multiplication have been attacked with various genetic, biochemical, and morphologic methods, important questions still remain to be solved especially concerning gene and chromosome replications and DNA synthesis in phages. Recently phages which attack species of Streptomyces have become the subject of study by many workers because of the industri...

Root gravitropism is a complex, plant-specific process allowing roots to grow downward into the soil. Polar auxin transport and redistribution are essential for root gravitropism. Here we summarise our current understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and involved transporters that establish, maintain and redirect intercellular auxin gradients as the driving force for root gravitropism. ...

Although rhodanese activity occurs in many tissues (l-3), the enzyme had been obtained in crystalline form from beef liver only (4). Beef kidney rhodanese could not be crystallized by the same procedure (5). To extend the biochemical genetic comparison reported previously (5), however, it was desired to obtain the kidney enzyme in a very high state of purity. This paper reports the purification...

From the Section on Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20205, J o s h Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and the $Section on Biochemistry of Cell Regulation, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharma...

Decades of research have yielded significant insight into the mechanism by which a cell translates an mRNA into the encoded protein. However many of the molecular details of the process remain a mystery. Translation initiation is an important control point in gene expression, and misregulation can lead to diseases such as cancer. A better understanding of the mechanism of translation initiation...

Numerous agents of endogenous and exogenous origin damage DNA in our genome. There are several DNA-repair pathways that recognize lesions in DNA and remove them through a number of diverse reaction sequences. Defects in DNA-repair proteins are associated with several human hereditary syndromes, which show a marked predisposition to cancer. Although DNA repair is essential for a healthy cell, DN...

Biochemical network maps are helpful for understanding the mechanism of how a collection of biochemical reactions generate particular functions within a cell. We developed a new and computationally feasible notation that enables drawing a wide resolution map from the domain-level reactions to phenomenological events and implemented it as the extended GUI network constructor of CADLIVE (Computer...

We review three approaches to the genetic analysis of the biology and pathobiology of human aging. The first and so far the best-developed is the search for the biochemical genetic basis of varying susceptibilities to major geriatric disorders. These include a range of progeroid syndromes. Collectively, they tell us much about the genetics of health span. Given that the major risk factor for vi...

To explore how the genome of an organism defines its growth, we have developed a computer simulation for the intracellular growth of phage T7 on its E. coli host. Our simulation, which incorporates 30 years of genetic, biochemical, physiological, and biophysical data, is used here to study how the intracellular resources of the host, determined by the specific growth rate of the host, contribut...

The leaf is the major organ involved in light perception and conversion of solar energy into organic carbon. In order to adapt to different natural habitats, plants have developed a variety of leaf forms, ranging from simple to compound, with various forms of dissection. Due to the enormous cellular complexity of leaves, understanding the mechanisms regulating development of these organs is dif...