Conversion of biomass into bioenergy is possible via multiple pathways resulting in the production of biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. Efficient and sustainable conversion of biomass, however, requires consideration of many environmental and societal parameters in order to minimize negative impacts. Integration of multiple conversion technologies and inclusion of upcoming alternatives, such...

Reactor staging is widely used in wastewater treatment where treatment norms are achieved by connecting two or more reactors in series. The first reactor operates at high carbon source loads and the last reactor performs the final polishing. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices designed for direct electricity production from organic matter. Periodic connection of the MFC e...

The technology is based on microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which use microorganisms as catalysts to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. The paper’s authors, including Bruce Logan of Pennsylvania State University and Xiaoxin Cao of Tsinghua University (China), are among the small group of researchers worldwide trying to improve MFCs—or bioelectrochemical systems, as they are beginning to ...

pollution control is based on correctly measuring pollutant concentrations but, at the moment,the principal european cities only monitor pollution levels by means of a few fixed stations co-located inselected points of the urban layout far from hotspots and/or by means of meteorological prediction models offuture pollution. few cities integrate the information from both sources. the implementat...

water is one of the most vital constituents in plants. in this research, for an estimation of leaf moisture content, the variation of capacitance was employed. the variations were measured via designed and manufactured capacitive sensors. the objective of the research was to estimate leaf moisture content by measuring its capacitance for five agronomic crops. experiments for measuring leaf capa...