Abstract The meridional overturning circulation consists of an upper and lower cell. Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Divide (SOBD) is the boundary between two cells in surface Ocean, but its location poorly constrained. Localizing SOBD important because biological nutrient utilization north south have fundamentally different consequences for global ocean primary production carbon sequestration. H...

Associative activation is commonly assumed to rely on associative strength, such that if A is strongly associated with B, B is activated whenever A is activated. We challenged this assumption by examining whether the activation of associations is state dependent. In three experiments, subjects performed a free-association task while the level of a simultaneous load was manipulated in various wa...

Exploration is important for animals to be able to gather information about features of their environment that may directly or indirectly influence survival and reproduction. Closely related to exploration is neophobia, which may reduce exposure to danger, but also constrain explorative behaviour. Here we investigated the effects of social relationships on neophobia and exploration in wolves, C...

Abstract. Reliable soil biogeochemical modeling is a prerequisite for credible projections of climate change and associated ecosystem feedbacks. This recognition has called frameworks that can support flexible efficient development application new or alternative modules in Earth system models (ESMs). The the Biogeochemical Transport Reaction model version 1 (BeTR-v1) code (i.e., CLM4-BeTR) one ...

Metaheuristic algorithms are used to solve NP-hard optimization problems. These algorithms have two main components, i.e. exploration and exploitation, and try to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation to achieve the best possible near-optimal solution. The bat algorithm is one of the metaheuristic algorithms with poor exploration and exploitation. In this paper, exploration and ...

Many thermophiles thriving in a natural high-temperature environment remain uncultivated, and their ecophysiological functions in the biogeochemical cycle remain unclear. In the present study, we performed long-term continuous cultivation at 65°C and 70°C using a microbial mat sample, collected from a subsurface geothermal stream, as the inoculum, and reconstructed the whole genome of the maint...

In the recent years, there has been significant advancement in the areas of scientific data management and retrieval techniques, especially in terms of standards and protocols for archiving data. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Data Archive Center for biogeochemical dynamics is making efforts in building advanced toolsets for these purposes. Mercury is a web-based metadata harvesting,...

Emiliania huxleyi is a single celled, marine phytoplankton with global distribution. As a key species for global biogeochemical cycling, a variety of strains have been amassed in various culture collections. Using a library consisting of 52 strains of E. huxleyi and an 'in house' enzyme screening program, we have assessed the functional biodiversity within this species of fundamental importance...

To examine soil microbial functional gene diversity and causative factors in tropical rainforests, we used a microarray-based metagenomic tool named GeoChip 5.0 to profile it. We found that high microbial functional gene diversity and different soil microbial metabolic potential for biogeochemical processes were considered to exist in tropical rainforest. Soil available nitrogen was the most as...

The optical properties of shallow water coastal environments are a complex function of physical and biogeochemical processes occurring both in sediments and in the water column. Developing models of the optical properties of these environments requires further knowledge of the processes affecting light alteration and modification by biogeochemical reactions in the surficial sediments and at the...