This proposal sets out the justification, scope and terms of reference for conducting a 16-month pilot study of (1) the dynamics of geomorphic change in English lowland alluvial systems, focusing on the Upper Thames Valley, and (2) the implication of such change for paleoenvironmental reconstruction, preservation and visibility of the archaeological record, and for aggregates exploration. The p...

A new and unusual specimen of a probable azhdarchoid pterosaur is described for the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Romualdo Formation of Brazil. The specimen consists of a palate that, although fragmentary, has a unique morphology differing from all other known pterosaurs with preservation of palatal elements. The new specimen probably indicates the presence of a yet undescribed pterodactyloid taxon...

Designing software systems is difficult. Designing systems that are capable of evolving is even more difficult. Often the system evolves in an unforeseen direction. Practice shows that software systems grow in small evolutionary steps. An evolution usually influences the behavior and the structure of the system. However, it is not desired that the evolution influences one or more modules of the...

OBJECTIVE The relationship of cryoglobulinaemia with lymphoproliferation of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) as risk factors for lymphoma evolution in SS remains to be clarified. The different biologic background of SS-related cryoglobulinaemia as compared with cryoglobulinaemia linked to HCV infection was clarified by different clinical and biologic approaches. METHODS B-cell clonal ...

BACKGROUND Axial spondyloarthropathy typically has its onset in early adulthood and can impact significantly on quality of life. In the UK, biologic anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy is recommended for patients who are unresponsive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. There remain several unresolved issues about the long-term safety and quality of life outcomes of biologic treatment in a...

Negative cooperativity in enzyme reactions, in which the first event makes subsequent events less favorable, is sometimes well understood at the molecular level, but its physiological role has often been obscure. Negative cooperativity occurs in human glutathione transferase (GST) GSTP1-1 when it binds and neutralizes a toxic nitric oxide adduct, the dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl iron complex (DNDG...

The cosmological term is assumed to be a function of time such as Λ = Ba where a(t) means the scale factor of standard cosmology. Analytical solutions for radiation dominated epoch and open universe are found. For closed universe, k = +1, and for flat universe, k = 0, we show a numerical solution. In general the scenario of Big Bang is preserved in our case for the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker co...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In spite of the abundance of archaeological, bio-archaeological, historical and genetic data, the origins, historical biogeography, identity of ancient grapevine cultivars and mechanisms of domestication are still largely unknown. Here, analysis of variation in seed morphology aims to provide accurate criteria for the discrimination between wild grapes and modern cultivars a...

In this review, we provide a brief overview over the current knowledge about the role of dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex during learning and memory. We discuss work in humans, monkeys, rats, and birds in order to provide a basis for comparison across species that might help identify crucial features and constraints of the dopaminergic system in executive function. Computational m...

BACKGROUND Marine deposits from the Callovian of Europe have yielded numerous species of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs. While common in English and French Formations, metriorhynchids are poorly known from the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty years ago an incomplete, but beautifully preserved, skull was discovered from the Middle Callovian of Spain. It is currently the oldest and best preserved metrio...