The status of the contamination of Dutch marine harbor sediments was reevaluated after a period in which emissions from point sources had been greatly reduced. Data on sediment chemistry from 1999 and 2000 were assessed against screening levels (SLs) selected from available sediment quality guidelines and representing a low probability of adverse biological effects. This yielded a ranking of th...

background: cadmium (cd) is an extremely toxic metal and environmental exposure to cd has been particularly problematic in the world. oral exposure to cd may result in adverse effects on a number of tissues, the immune system, and the cardiovascular system. compounds containing cd are also carcinogenic. the presence of cd in drinking water resources in the southeastern region of rafsanjan plain...

This article is the second of a three-part series that investigates the application of the ventilation equations to designing and testing cleanrooms. This part is concerned with the decay equation. The recovery test, described in ISO 14644-3 (2005) is discussed, and improvements recommended. The application of the decay equation to the ‘clean up’ requirement given in the EU GGMP (2008) is also ...