Hydrogen bonds profoundly influence the architecture and activity of biological macromolecules. Deep appreciation of hydrogen bond contributions to biomolecular function thus requires a detailed understanding of hydrogen bond structure and energetics and the relationship between these properties. Hydrogen bond formation energies (ΔGf) are enormously more favorable in aprotic solvents than in wa...

We present the first experimental vibrational spectroscopy study providing direct evidence of a water phase inside single-walled carbon nanotubes that exhibits an unusual form of hydrogen-bonding due to confinement. Water adopts a stacked-ring structure inside nanotubes, forming intra- and inter-ring hydrogen bonds. The intra-ring hydrogen bonds are bulk-like while the inter-ring hydrogen bonds...

Noncovalent interactions play an important role in many biological and chemical processes. Among these, hydrogen bonding is very well studied and is already routinely used in organocatalysis. This Short Review focuses on three other types of promising noncovalent interactions. Halogen bonding, chalcogen bonding, and anion-π bonding have been introduced into organocatalysis in the last few years...

The title compound, C(20)H(18)Cl(2)F(2)N(2)O(5), is considered to belong to the fourth generation of insecticides with properties such as high selectivity, low acute toxicity for mammals and high biological activity. An intramolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond results in the formation of a six-membered ring. In the crystal structure, intermolecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds link the molecules.

The title compound, C(14)H(16)N(2)O(3), belongs to a group of esters of 2-oxo- and 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids, which exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities. The dihydro-pyrimidine ring adopts a screw-boat conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by strong N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. An intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is also p...

Use of hydrogen in fuel cells requires catalysts that are tolerant to oxygen and are able to function in the presence of poisons such as carbon monoxide. Hydrogen-cycling catalysts are widespread in the bacterial world in the form of hydrogenases, enzymes with unusual active sites composed of iron, or nickel and iron, that are buried within the protein. We have established that the membrane-bou...

Several unnatural, predominantly hydrophobic nucleobases that pack efficiently in duplex DNA without hydrogen bonding functionalities are reported to circumvent the hydrogen bonding-based specificity, both during oligonucleotide hybridization and enzymatic DNA synthesis. The reported nucleoside analogs are efficient 'universal bases' for hybridization, template directed DNA synthesis and chain ...

Biological hydrogen production is under extensive investigation worldwide and has attracted the interest of researchers in a number disciplines including fundamental sciences, e.g., microbiology biochemistry, applied chemical engineering. While multidisciplinary approaches being used have been very fruitful terms advancing biohydrogen research, data sets rapidly accumulating published literatur...

The depletion of fossil fuel diverts us to the use of renewable resources as the supplement for fuel. Solar, hydroelectric power and microbial system are known to be abundant renewable resources for fuel production. Hydrogen has a energy yield of 122 kJ/g, which is 2.75 times greater than hydrocarbon fuels (Kapdan & Kargi, 2006). Hydrogen together with oxygen is the key element in the biologica...