The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic is commonly used for a distribution-free comparison of two groups. One requirement for its use is that the sample sizes of the two groups are fixed. This is violated in some of the applications such as medical imaging studies and diagnostic marker studies; in the former, the violation occurs since the number of correctly localized abnormal images is random, w...

OBJECTIVE To illustrate biomarkers of diet that can be used to validate estimates of dietary intake in the study of gene-environment interactions in complex diseases. DESIGN Prospective cohort studies, studies of biomarkers where diet is carefully controlled. SETTING Free-living individuals, volunteers in metabolic suites. SUBJECTS Male and female human volunteers. RESULTS Recent studie...

COMPARING THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS VARIANCE ESTIMATOR AND USTATISTICS VARIANCE ESTIMATOR WHEN ASSESSING THE DIFERENCE BETWEEN CORRELATED AUCs WITH FINITE SAMPLES By Anna Leigh Bosse, M.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 Major Director: Dr. Le Kang, Assoc...

Diapsids show an extremely wide range of reproductive strategies. Offspring may receive no parental care, care from only one sex, care from both parents, or care under more complex regimes. Young may vary from independent, super-precocial hatchlings to altricial neonates needing much care before leaving the nest. Parents can invest heavily in a few young, or less so in a larger number. Here we ...

I propose a new estimator for jointly estimating two-gene and four-gene coefficients of relatedness between individuals from an outbreeding population with data on codominant genetic markers and compare it, by Monte Carlo simulations, to previous ones in precision and accuracy for different distributions of population allele frequencies, numbers of alleles per locus, actual relationships, sampl...

Undergraduate biology education reform aims to engage students in scientific practices such as experimental design, experimentation, and data analysis and communication. Graphs are ubiquitous in the biological sciences, and creating effective graphical representations involves quantitative and disciplinary concepts and skills. Past studies document student difficulties with graphing within the ...

We describe modeling of the ''beat'' and "bump" Cepheids, using the new radiative opacities. Discrepancies between these models and the evolutionary tracks for stars of appropriate mass are discussed. Finally, we point out some of the difficulties involving the long-period Cepheid sample with periods greater than 20 days.

Measurement error in self-reported sugars intake may explain the lack of consistency in the epidemiologic evidence on the association between sugars and disease risk. This review describes the development and applications of a biomarker of sugars intake, informs its future use and recommends directions for future research. Recently, 24 h urinary sucrose and fructose were suggested as a predicti...

Cognition is comprised of the faculties: perception, creativity, intuition, and ratiocination. Optimal levels of cognition are needed for independent functioning and balanced living. With an aging population that continues to grow, dietary supplements that tilt the balance towards maintenance of cognition are being marketed for vulnerable populations facing these challenges. Randomized clinical...