Rod bipolar cells in the macaque monkey retina were labeled by three antibodies: an antibody against the alpha- and beta-subspecies of protein kinase C (PKC), a polyclonal antiserum against the L7 protein from mouse cerebellum, and a monoclonal antibody against rabbit olfactory bulb (MAb 115A 10). The MAb 115A10 antibody also labeled some cone bipolar and some amacrine cells. The antibody again...

OBJECTIVE Based on evidence linking creativity and bipolar disorder, a model has been proposed whereby factors influencing liability to bipolar disorder confer certain traits with positive effects on reproductive fitness. The authors tested this model by examining key traits known to be associated with evolutionary fitness, namely, temperament and neurocognition, in individuals carrying liabili...

We have studied the distribution of the calcium-binding protein calbindin in the adult rabbit retina by using a commercially available antibody and immunocytochemical methods. The most heavily labeled cells are A-type horizontal cells, but B-type horizontal cells are also lightly labeled by this antibody. Among the horizontal cells, there is a mosaic of small, well-labeled somata, which we have...

The co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder has received much recent attention in the literature. The authors review the literature examining associations between ADHD and bipolar disorder in children, and data concerning severe irritability in youth with ADHD. This article focuses on (1) population-based studies examining ADHD and bipolar disorder ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the risk for bipolar I disorder in first-degree relatives of children with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder via meta-analysis and expanded controlled study. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION For the meta-analysis, PubMed was searched for scientific articles published in the world literature in English through 2011. The keywords searched were bipolar disorder, first-degree relatives,...

background bipolar disorder is a biological brain disorder which is associated with debilitating fluctuation in mood and adverse effects on patients, their families and society. the importance of genetics and its role in bipolar disorder is a controversial issue to discuss. evidence indicates a relation between the risk of bipolar disorder and specific genes. amongst the genes whose role has be...

objective: this study evaluated the theory of mind (tom) in adolescents diagnosed with bipolar disorder ‎‎(bd) during their euthymic period compared to a typically developing (td) group.‎ method: the bd group consisted of thirty 11-18 year old inpatients in euthymic phase. the td ‎group included 30 age, gender, and iq matched volunteer students. to assess the diagnosis and ‎comorbid disorders, ...

BACKGROUND We investigated our translation of The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) as a screening instrument for bipolar disorder in a psychiatric setting in Finland. METHODS In a pilot study for the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 109 consecutive non-schizophrenic psychiatric out- and inpatients in Espoo, Finland, were screened for bipolar disorder using the Finnish translation of the MDQ, and ...

In mammals, gap junctions between retinal bipolar cells are generally small and tracer coupling has not been previously demonstrated. In this study, Neurobiotin was injected into the Ba3-type cone bipolar cell, a medium-field cone bipolar cell that ramifies in sublamina a of the rabbit retina. Tracer spread to many other Ba3 bipolar cells, presumably through gap junctions. It also spread to a s...

Treatments for brain dysfunction have relied traditionally on medication-based approaches. Non-invasive transcranial electric stimulation (tES) approaches such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) offer an alternative approach for psychiatric treatment. In this approach, low level (1–2 mA) currents are applied over appropriate...